English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force. Ordinance on Air Pollution Control (OAPC) of 16 December 1985 (Status as of 1 June 2018) The Swiss Federal Council, on the basis of Articles 12, 13, 16 and 39 of the Federal Act of 7 October 19831 on the Protection of the Environment (the Act), ordains: Chapter 1 General Provisions
(OAPC)

New stationary installations shall be equipped and operated in such a way that they comply with the emission limits specified in Annex 1.

Additional or different requirements apply in the case of the following installations:

1. installations listed in Annex 2: the requirements specified therein;

2. combustion installations: the requirements specified in Annex 3;

Amended by No I of the O of 18 June 2010, in force since 15 July 2010 (AS 2010 2965).

Emissions for which no limit is specified in this Ordinance or for which a particular limit is declared not to apply, shall be limited preventively by the authorities as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable.

Emission limitation measures are technically and operationally feasible if they:

1. have been successfully tested at comparable installations in Switzerland or abroad; or

2. have been successfully applied in experiments and can be transferred to other installations from a technological perspective.

The assessment of the economic acceptability of emission limitations shall be based on an average, economically sound enterprise in the relevant sector. If a particular sector contains widely differing classes of enterprises, the assessment shall be based on an average enterprise of the relevant class.

If an individual planned installation is expected to cause excessive ambient air pollution levels even though the preventive emission limitation requirements are met, the authorities shall order additional or stricter emission limitation requirements for the installation concerned.

The emission limitation requirements are to be supplemented or tightened to such an extent that no excessive ambient air pollution levels are caused.

Emissions shall be captured as fully and as close to the source as possible and shall be removed in such a way as to prevent excessive ambient air pollution levels.6

They shall generally be discharged above roof level via stacks or waste air ducts.

Annex 6 applies to stacks. If the required stack height H cannot be realised, or if the parameter H0 is more than 100 m, the authorities shall as an alternative tighten the emission limitation requirements specified in Annexes 1–3.

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Amended by No I of the O of 20 Nov. 1991, in force since 1 Feb. 1992 (AS 1992 124).

The authorities shall ensure that existing stationary installations which do not meet the requirements of this Ordinance undergo retrofitting.

They shall issue the necessary rulings, specifying the time limit for retrofitting in accordance with Article 10. If necessary, they shall order operating restrictions or the shutdown of the installation for the duration of the retrofitting work.7

Retrofitting need not be carried out if the owner undertakes to shut down the installation within the time limit set for retrofitting.

If it is established that an individual existing installation is causing excessive ambient air pollution levels even if the preventive emission limitation requirements are complied with, the authorities shall order additional or stricter emission limitation requirements for the installation concerned.

The emission limitation requirements are to be supplemented or tightened to such an extent that excessive ambient air pollution levels are no longer caused.

The additional or stricter emission limitation requirements are to be imposed by means of retrofitting rulings with time limits set in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 2. If necessary, the authorities shall order operating restrictions or the shutdown of the installation for the duration of the retrofitting work.

If excessive ambient air pollution levels are caused by more than one installation, the procedure specified in Articles 31–34 shall be followed.

The standard time limit for retrofitting is five years.

Shorter time limits, but not less than 30 days, shall be set if:

1. retrofitting can be carried out without significant investments;

2. emissions are more than three times the value specified for the preventive limiting of emissions; or

Second sentence inserted by No I of the O of 20 Nov. 1991, in force since 1 Feb. 1992 (AS 1992 124).

See also the Final Provisions of the Amendments of 23 June 2004 and 11 April 2018 at the end of this text.

Longer time limits, up to a maximum of ten years, shall be set if:

1. emissions are less than one-and-a-half times the value applicable for the preventive limiting of emissions, or the provisions concerning flue gas losses are not complied with; and

2. neither letter a nor letter c of paragraph 2 is met.

The above is without prejudice to the ordering of shorter time limits for retrofitting in accordance with Article 32.

On request, the authorities shall grant relief to the owner of an installation if retrofitting in accordance with Articles 8 and 10 would be disproportionate, in particular not technically or operationally feasible, or economically unacceptable.

By way of relief, the authorities may in the first instance grant longer time limits. If the granting of longer time limits is not sufficient, the authorities shall specify less strict emission limits.

Any person who operates or wishes to construct an installation which causes air pollution shall provide the authorities with information on:

1. the type and level of emissions;

2. the release location, release height and time course of emissions;

3. other release conditions required for the assessment of emissions.

The emission declaration may be based on measurements or on material balances of the substances used.

The authorities shall monitor compliance with emission limitation requirements. They shall carry out their own emission measurements or inspections or shall have these carried out on their behalf.

If possible, the first measurement (acceptance measurement) or inspection must be carried out within three months, but no later than twelve months after the commissioning of the new or retrofitted installation. The foregoing is without prejudice to different provisions in Annex 3.9

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

The measurement or inspection is generally to be repeated as follows, without prejudice to provisions to the contrary specified in Annexes 2, 3 and 4:

1. every four years for wood-fired boilers as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 letter a, b or d Number¹ with a rated thermal input of up to 70 kW and for gas-fired installations with a rated thermal input of up to 1 MW;

2. every two years for other combustion installations

3. every three years for other installations.10 4 In the case of installations which may produce significant levels of emissions, the authorities shall order continuous measurement and recording of emissions, or of another operating parameter which permits emission control.

Where an authority arranges for emission measurements and inspections in terms of Article 13 to be carried out by third parties, it must regularly check whether the third party concerned has sufficient knowledge of the recognised rules of metrology.

The authority may dispense with the regular check under paragraph 1 if the third party only carries out measurements and inspections for which simplified measurement procedures are provided.

The measurements must cover the operating conditions which are relevant for assessment purposes. If necessary, the authorities shall specify the type and extent of measurements required and the operating conditions to be covered.

Emission measurements shall be carried out according to the recognised rules of metrology. The Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) shall issue recommendations on carrying out the measurements. The technical requirements for measurement systems and measurement stability are those specified in the Ordinance of

February 2006¹² on Measuring Instruments and the implementing provisions issued by the Federal Department of Justice and Police.13

The owner of the installation to be inspected shall set up and make accessible suitable measuring stations in accordance with instructions issued by the authorities.

The measured and calculated values, the measurement methods used and the operating conditions at the installation at the time the measurements were performed shall be recorded in a measurement report.

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Inserted by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

The measured values shall be corrected to the reference values specified in Annex 1 Number 23.

Unless otherwise specified in Annexes 1–4, the values calculated in accordance with paragraph 1 are to be expressed as hourly mean values for the assessment. In justified cases, the authorities may specify other suitable averaging periods.

In the case of approval and control measurements, emission control requirements shall be regarded as having been complied with if none of the mean values determined in accordance with paragraph 2 exceeds the limit value.

In the case of continuous measurements, emission limit values shall be regarded as having been complied with if, within a calendar year:

1. none of the daily mean values exceeds the emission limit value;

2. 97% of all the hourly mean values are no more than¹.2 times the limit value; and

3. none of the hourly mean values is more than twice the limit value.

The authorities shall take account of the particular circumstances when assessing emissions during start-up and shut-down periods.

A bypass line may only be used to protect flue gas cleaning systems with the approval of the authorities.

If significant emissions could occur as a result of the use of bypass lines or during malfunctions, the authorities shall specify what measures are to be taken.

Machines and equipment for use on construction sites with internal combustion compression-ignition engines having a power output of more than 18 kW (construction machines) shall comply with the requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 3.

New construction machines are only to be placed on the market if their conformity with the requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 3 has been demonstrated.

Construction machines are only to be operated with a particle filter system whose conformity with the requirements specified in Annex 4 Numbers 32 and³³ has been demonstrated.

The authority may on request grant exemptions from the requirements set out in Annex 4 Number 3 for construction equipment used for test or demonstration purposes. The exemptions are granted for a maximum of 10 days.15

Proof of conformity comprises:

1. a certificate issued by a conformity assessment body as specified in Article 18 of the Federal Act of 6 October 1995¹⁶ on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBA) to the effect that the type of construction machine or particle filter system meets the requirements of Annex 4 Number 3 (certificate of conformity);

2. a declaration by the manufacturer or importer that the construction machines or particle filter systems to be placed on the market conform to the tested types (declaration of conformity), including the following details: 1. name and address of the manufacturer or importer, 2. designation of the type of construction machine, engine and particle reduction system, 3. year of manufacture and serial numbers of the construction machine, engine and particle filter system,

Inserted by No I of the O of 19 Sept. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 2008 4639).

Inserted by No I of the O of 14 Oct. 2015, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

For construction machines that meet the requirements of Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 2016/162817, proof of conformity comprises type approval by a member state of the European Union for the engine type or the engine family in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 2016/1628.18

The conformity assessment bodies shall send certificates of conformity, together with the relevant test reports, to the FOEN. The FOEN shall publish lists of compliant particle filter system and engine types.19

The manufacturer or importer shall retain the declaration of conformity for ten years after placing the construction machine or particle filter system on the market.

The following combustion installations are only to be placed on the market if their conformity with the requirements specified in Annex 4 has been demonstrated

1. forced draught burners for «extra light» heating oil or gas with a rated thermal input of up to 350 kW;

2. boilers for forced draught burners as specified in letter a, provided that the heat carrier is water and the shut-off temperature of the safety temperature limiter does not exceed 110 °C;

3. boilers as specified in letter b intended to be equipped with forced draught burners (units);

Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2016 on requirements relating to gaseous and particulate pollutant emission limits and type-approval for internal combustion engines for non-road mobile machinery, Amended by OJ L 252 of¹⁶.09.2016, p. 53; supplemented by: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/654 of 19 December 2016, OJ L 102 of 13.04.2017, p.¹; Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/655 of 19 December 2016, OJ L 102 of 13.04.2017, p. 334; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656 of 19 December 2016, OJ L 102 of 13.04.2017, p. 364.

Inserted by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Amended by No I of the O of 14 Oct. 2015, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Amended by No I of the O of 23 June 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2005 (AS 2004 3561).

See also the Final Provisions of the Amendments of 23 June 2004 below.

4. 22 gas-fired boilers with a rated thermal input of up to 350 kW, provided that the heat carrier is water and the shut-off temperature of the safety temperature limiter does not exceed 110°C;

5. 23 …

6. direct gas-fired storage water heaters (boilers) containing more than 30 litres of water and with a rated thermal input of up to 350 kW;

7. gas-fired instantaneous water heaters with a rated thermal input of 35 kW to 350 kW;

8. 24 boilers fired by solid fuels as specified in Annex 5 with a rated thermal input of up to 350 kW and pellet burners for small boilers with a rated thermal input of up to 70 kW.

…25

The cantons may allow practical testing of a limited number of installations without a declaration of conformity for a period of no more than two years. Installations which at the end of this period still lack a declaration of conformity in their existing form must be taken out of service.

Proof of conformity for a combustion installation comprises:

1. 26 a test report from a body under Article 18 TBA²⁷ confirming that the type in question meets the requirements of Annex 4;

2. a declaration by the manufacturer or importer that the combustion installation to be placed on the market conforms to the tested type (declaration of conformity), including the following details: 1. name and address of the manufacturer or importer, 2. description of the combustion installation, 3. provisions applicable in accordance with Annex 4, 4. name and address of the conformity assessment body and number of the certificate of conformity, 5. name and function of the person signing the declaration of conformity for the manufacturer or importer;

3. 28 markings as specified in Annex 4 Number 23.

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Repealed by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, with effect from 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Inserted by No I of the O of 4 July 2007 (AS 2007 3875). Amended by No I of the O of

Repealed by No I of the O of 18 June 2010, with effect from 15 July 2010 (AS 2010 2965).

Amended by No III¹ of the O of 22 June 2016, in force since 1 Aug. 2016 (AS 2016 2479).

Inserted by No I of the O of 22 Oct. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2009 (AS 2008 5163).

For equipment in terms of Annex 1.15 or¹.16 of the Energy Efficiency Ordinance of 1 November 2017²⁹, proof of conformity may also be provided in accordance with the requirements in Article 5 paragraph 2 and Article 7 paragraph 2 of that ordinance.30

The manufacturer or importer shall retain the declaration of conformity for ten years after placing the installation on the market.

Mobile machines and equipment with internal combustion engines that are not intended for use on the roads (machines and equipment with internal combustion engines) must satisfy the requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 4.

New machines and equipment with internal combustion engines may only be placed on the market if the conformity of the engines with the requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 4 has been demonstrated (Art. 20c).

Proof of conformity comprises:

1. type-approval granted by an EU Member State for an engine type or engine family in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 2016/162832; and

2. engine markings as specified in Article 32 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/1628.

Conformity may also be proven by means of a certificate issued by a conformity assessment body as specified in Article 18 TBA³³ to the effect that the type of machine or equipment with internal combustion engine meets the requirements of Annex 4 Number 4 (certificate of conformity). In this case, the engine must bear the trade mark or trade name of the manufacturer of the engine and the name of the conformity assessment body.

Inserted by No III¹ of the O of 22 June 2016 (AS 2016 2479). Amended by Annex 5 No

of the Energy Efficiency Ordinance of 1 Nov. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2017 6951)

Inserted by No I of the O of 18 June 2010 (AS 2010 2965). Amended by No I of the O of Section 5b34 Commissioning Combustion Installations

Inserted by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Repealed by No I of the O of 4 July 2007, with effect from 1 Sept. 2007 (AS 2007 3875).

Installations for unleaded petrol such as storage and transport tanks, tankers and petrol pumps must be clearly marked «unleaded».

If an installation which previously contained leaded petrol is to be used for unleaded petrol, the owner of the installation must clean it thoroughly beforehand or take other measures to ensure that it does not contain excessive lead residues.

Natural forest, field and garden waste may be incinerated outside installations if it is sufficiently dry to ensure minimal smoke formation.

The authorities may in individual cases approve the incineration of forest, field and garden waste which is not sufficiently dry if there is an overriding interest and it does not lead to excessive ambient air pollution levels.

They may restrict or prohibit the incineration of forest, field and garden waste outside of installations for particular areas or periods if excessive ambient air pollution levels are to be expected.

The cantons shall monitor the air pollution situation and trends in their territory; in particular, they shall determine ambient air pollution levels.

To this end, they shall carry out surveys, measurements and dispersion modelling. The FOEN shall recommend suitable methods.

Inserted by No I of the O of 20 Nov. 1991, in force since 1 Feb. 1992 (AS 1992 124).

Amended by No I of the O of 4 July 2007, in force since 1 Sept. 2007 (AS 2007 3875).

Inserted by No I of the O of 4 July 2007, in force since 1 Sept. 2007 (AS 2007 3875).

Before a stationary installation or transport infrastructure expected to be a significant source of emissions is constructed or retrofitted, the authorities may request the owner to provide an ambient air pollution forecast.

The forecast must indicate what type, extent and frequency of ambient air pollution levels are to be expected in what areas.

The forecast shall include details of the type and level of emissions, as well as the dispersion conditions and the calculation methods used.

The action plan shall indicate:

1. the sources of emissions which are responsible for causing excessive ambient air pollution levels;

2. the significance of individual sources of emissions for the total pollution load;

3. measures for reducing and eliminating excessive ambient air pollution levels;

4. the effects of the various measures;

Amended by No I of the O of 15 Dec. 1997, in force since 1 March 1998 (AS 1998 223).

5. the legal framework existing or yet to be established for the various measures;

6. time limits for the ordering and implementation of the measures;

7. the authorities responsible for enforcement of the measures.

Measures under paragraph 1 letter c are:

1. for stationary installations: shorter time limits for retrofitting or additional or stricter emission limits;

2. for transport infrastructure: structural, operational, traffic management or traffic restriction measures.

The measures contained in the action plan are generally to be put into effect within five years.

As a matter of priority, the authorities shall order measures for installations which account for more than 10 % of the total pollution load.

The cantons shall regularly review the effectiveness of the measures and shall amend the action plans if necessary. They shall inform the public accordingly.

If a cantonal action plan provides for measures which fall within the responsibility of the Confederation, the canton shall submit the plan to the Federal Council and make the relevant applications.

If the action plan requires the cooperation of another canton, the authorities shall submit the plan to the canton in question and make the relevant applications. If necessary, the Federal Council shall coordinate the action plans of the cantons.

The Confederation shall enforce the provisions concerning:

Amended by No I of the O of 15 Dec. 1997, in force since 1 March 1998 (AS 1998 223).

1. 42 market surveillance for construction machines and particle filter systems, combustion installations and machines and equipment with internal combustion engines (Article 37);

2. 43 control of thermal and motor fuels on import and on placing on the market (Article 38).44 2 When applying other federal acts or international agreements or resolutions relating to matters regulated by this Ordinance, federal authorities shall also enforce this Ordinance. Cooperation of the FOEN and the cantons is governed by Article 41 paragraphs 2 and 4 of the Act; these provisions are subject to legal requirements concerning secrecy.45 3 The Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications46 may order implementing and supplementary provisions, particularly concerning:

1. methods of testing, measurement and calculation;

2. type-approval;

3. stacks.

The Confederation shall carry out surveys of the air pollution situation and trends in Switzerland as a whole (Article 39).47

The FOEN shall monitor compliance with the regulations concerning placing construction machines, particle filter systems, combustion installations and machines and equipment with internal combustion engines on the market. It shall monitor in particular:50

1. whether the information given in the declaration of conformity is correct; or

2. 51 whether the internal combustion engines of the machines and equipment which bear an approval mark conform to the type-approved engine or to the type-approved engine family.

It may entrust control tasks to public entities and private specialist organisations.

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Amended by No I of the O of 14 Oct. 2015, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Amended by No I of the O of 18. June 2010, in force since 15 July 2010 (AS 2010 2965).

Amended by No II 13 of the O of 2 Feb. 2000 to the Federal Act on the Coordination and Simplification of Decision-Making Procedures, in force since 1 March 2000 (AS 2000 703).

The designation of the administration unit was amended by Art. 16 para. 3 of the Publications Ordinance of 17 Nov. 2004 (AS 2004 4937).

Inserted by No I of the O of 18 June 2010, in force since 15 July 2010 (AS 2010 2965).

Amended by No I of the O of 18 June 2010, in force since 15 July 2010 (AS 2010 2965).

Amended by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

If the installations controlled do not meet the requirements, the FOEN shall order the necessary measures. In serious cases, it may prohibit further offering or marketing, or request the modification of installations already marketed.

The customs authorities shall take samples of thermal and motor fuels which are imported or supplied by domestic refineries. They shall either submit the samples to a laboratory designated by the FOEN or analyse them themselves.52

The customs authorities or the laboratory shall report the results of the tests to the FOEN.53

The FOEN shall verify compliance with the regulations on placing thermal and motor fuels on the market by testing samples.54

If the FOEN establishes that an importer or dealer is repeatedly importing or placing on the market thermal or motor fuels which fail to meet the quality requirements in Annex 5, it shall inform the competent cantonal prosecution authorities and, if applicable, the customs authorities.55

The surveys of the air pollution situation and trends in Switzerland as a whole shall be carried out by the FOEN.

The Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) in Dübendorf shall operate the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) on behalf of the FOEN.

Amended by No I of the O of 23 June 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2005 (AS 2004 3561).

Amended by No I of the O of 14 Oct. 2015, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Inserted by No I of the O of 14 Oct. 2015 Nov, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Inserted by Annex 2 No 8 of the O of 21 May 2008 on Geoinformation, in force since

July 2008 (AS 2008 2809).

Installations which require a construction permit or planning permission shall be regarded as new installations if no binding decision has been taken regarding the construction permit or planning permission at the time this Ordinance enters into force.

Within two years after the commencement of this Ordinance, the authorities shall issue the retrofitting ruling in accordance with Articles 8 and 9, if possible for all cases, but at least for the most urgent cases where retrofitting is required.

In cases of existing excessive ambient air pollution levels, action plans shall be prepared in accordance with Article 31 within three years after the commencement of this Ordinance.

The provisions on the placing on the market of combustion installations are subject to the following time limits:

1. installations under Article 20 paragraph 1 letters a–g: until 25 September 2018;

2. installations under Article 20 paragraph 1 letter h: until 31 December 2019.

The provisions on the commissioning of combustion installations under Article 20d are subject to a time limit of 31 December 2021.

Repealed by No IV 30 of the O of 22 Aug. 2007 on the Formal Revision of Federal Legislation, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (AS 2007 4477).

[AS 1984 1516]

Inserted by No I of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

Installations which require a construction permit or planning permission with regard to which no binding decision has been taken at the time this Amendment enters into force must comply with the requirements of the new legislation.

Notwithstanding Article 10, the authorities shall grant time limits of five to ten years for the retrofitting of installations which become subject to mandatory retrofitting after 1 July 2003, but which already comply with the preventive emission limits based on the existing provisions. This is without prejudice to the provisions of

Notwithstanding Article 10, the authorities shall grant time limits of six to ten years for the retrofitting of installations which become subject to mandatory retrofitting under the Amendment of 23 June 2004, but which already comply with the preventive emission limits based on the existing provisions. This is without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 paragraph 2 letters a and c.

…66

AS 1992 124. Repealed by No IV 30 of the O of 22 Aug. 2007 on the Formal Revision of Federal Legislation, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (AS 2007 4477).

AS 1998 223. Repealed by No IV 30 of the O of 22 Aug. 2007 on the Formal Revision of Federal Legislation, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (AS 2007 4477).

AS 1999 2498. Repealed by No IV 30 of the O of 22 Aug. 2007 on the Formal Revision of Federal Legislation, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (AS 2007 4477).

AS 2003 1345

AS 2004 3561

Repealed by No IV of the O of 14 Oct. 2015, with effect from 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Petrol and diesel oil which meet the existing requirements under Annex 5 of this Ordinance67 may be placed on the market from licensed storage stocks, compulsory stocks and army stocks until 31 December 2008.

Notwithstanding Article 10, the authorities shall grant time limits of five to ten years for the retrofitting of installations which become subject to mandatory retrofitting under the Amendment of 4 July 2007, but which already comply with the preventive emission limits based on the existing provisions. For wood-fired installations they shall grant a time limit of ten years for retrofitting; this is without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 paragraph 2 letters a and c.

Combustion installations as specified in Article 20 paragraph 1 letter h may be placed on the market without a proof of conformity until 31 December 2007.

Wood-fired installations may be placed on the market without a proof of conformity until 31 December 2009 if they meet the requirements of Annex 4. In particular, these requirements are regarded as having been met in cases where wood-fired installations were awarded the Swiss Wood Energy Association (VHE) quality mark after 31 December 2003.

The requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 3 apply to construction machines with a net power of 37 kW or more:

1. manufactured between 2000 and 2008: from 1 May 2010, if they are operated on Measure-level A construction sites as defined in the FOEN Guidelines of 1 September 2002 on Air Pollution Control at Construction Sites;

2. manufactured before 2000: from 1 May 2015.

The requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 3 apply to construction machines with a net power of 18 kW to 37 kW manufactured in 2010 or later.

For particle filter systems which are included in the FOEN/SUVA Filter List at the time this Amendment enters into force, the requirements specified in Annex 4 Number 32 are regarded as having been met.

«Extra light» heating oil which meets the existing requirements specified in Annex 5 may be placed on the market from licensed storage stocks, compulsory stocks and army stocks until 31 December 2011.

AS 1999 2498

AS 2007 3875

AS 2008 4639 Transitional provisions relating to the Amendment of 18 June 201070

October 201571 Notwithstanding Article 10, the authorities shall grant time limits of six to ten years for the retrofitting of stationary internal combustion engines and gas turbines which become subject to mandatory retrofitting in accordance with the Amendment of 14 October 2015 but which already comply with the preventive emission limits based on the existing provisions. This is without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 paragraph 2 letters a and c.

Notwithstanding Article 10, the authorities shall grant time limits of ten years for retrofitting installations which become subject to mandatory retrofitting under the Amendment of 11 April 2018 but which already comply with the preventive emission limits based on the existing provisions; this is without prejudice to the provisions of Article 10 paragraph 2 letters a and c.

«Euro extra-light» heating oil may be used in installations or operating units that have a rated thermal input of less than 5 MW for these thermal fuels until 31 May 2023.

The emission limit values for solids as specified in Annex 3 Numbers 511 paragraph 1 and 522 paragraph 1 for installations with a rated thermal input of up to 70 kW apply from 1 June 2019.

AS 2010 2965. Repealed by No IV of the O of 11 April 2018, with effect from 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687).

AS 2015 4171

AS 2018 1687 Annex 173 (Art. 3 para. 1) General preventive emission limits

Scope

The provisions of this Annex apply to the preventive limiting of emissions from stationary installations.

They are without prejudice to the additional or different provisions applicable for:

1. particular installations, as specified in Annex 2;

2. combustion installations, as specified in Annex 3;

3. type-approval of combustion installations, as specified in Annex 4.

Definitions

Flue gases Flue gases means waste air, flue gases and other air pollutants discharged by instal-

Emissions Emissions are expressed in the following terms:

Revised by No II of the Ordinances of 20 Nov. 1991 (AS 1992 124), of 15 Dec. 1997 (AS 1998 223) and of 23 June 2004 (AS 2004 3561), No II 10 of the O of 18 May 2005 on the Repeal and Amendment of Ordinances in connection with the Commencement of the Chemicals Act (AS 2005 2695), No II of the O of 4 July 2007 (AS 2007 3875) and of 14 Oct. 2015, in force since 16 Nov. 2015 (AS 2015 4171).

Reference value for emission concentrations

The limit values expressed as concentrations and the oxygen contents given as reference values are based on the volume of flue gas under standard conditions (0 °C, 1013 mbar) after deduction of the moisture content (dry).

The limit values expressed as emission concentrations are based on the amount of flue gas which is no more heavily diluted than is technically and operationally unavoidable.

If oxygen content by volume is given as the reference value for an installation listed in Annexes 2–4, the measured emission concentrations are to be corrected to this reference value.

Rated thermal input The rated thermal input is the maximum thermal energy that can be supplied to an installation per unit time. It is obtained by multiplying the fuel consumption of the installation by the lower calorific value of the fuel.

General provisions

Limitation of emissions

The following emission limitation requirements apply:

1. for dust: Number 4;

2. for inorganic substances, mainly in the form of dust: Number 5;

3. for inorganic substances in gaseous or vaporous form: Number 6;

4. for organic substances in gaseous, vaporous or particulate form: Number 7;

5. for carcinogens: Number 8.

Substances not listed in Numbers 5–8 shall be assigned to the substance classes which have comparable effects on the environment. Account shall be taken in particular of degradability and bio-accumulability, toxicity, the effects of decomposition processes and transformation products, and odour intensity.

Limitation of emissions dependent on installation size

If there is more than one emission source and if emission limitation requirements depend on the size of an installation (e.g. capacity or mass flow), the authorities shall determine which emission sources shall collectively be considered to constitute a single installation.

Emission sources are generally to be considered as a single installation if they are situated in close proximity to each other and if their emissions:

Parts of an installation which only serve as back-ups in the event of malfunctions are not taken into account when determining the size of the installation.

Emission limit values which depend on a certain mass flow shall only apply if:

1. this mass flow is reached or exceeded for more than five hours per week; or

2. double this mass flow is reached or exceeded for a shorter period.

Dust

Limit value for total dust If the mass flow of dust is 0.20 kg/h or more, total dust emissions must not exceed

Limitation of exposure to components of dust The requirements specified in Numbers 5, 7 and 8 apply for the limitation of exposure to individual components of dust.

Measures relating to treatment, storage, transshipment and transport

If significant dust emissions may occur in commercial or industrial facilities as a result of processes such as the conveyance, crushing, sorting or filling of dustforming materials, the dust-containing flue gases must be captured and fed into a dust removal system.

When dust-forming materials are stored or transshipped in the open, measures must be taken to prevent significant dust emissions.

When dust-forming materials are transported, transport equipment must be used which prevents significant dust emissions.

If traffic on factory roads may cause significant dust emissions, the roads must be kept free of dust.

Inorganic substances, mainly in the form of dust

Limit values

The emission concentration of the substances listed in Number 52 must not exceed the following values:

If the flue gas contains several substances belonging to the same class, the limit value applies to the sum of these substances.

Table of inorganic substances, mainly in the form of dust Substance Expressed as Class Antimony¹ and its compounds Sb 3 Arsenic¹ and its compounds, except arsine As 2 Chromium¹ and its compounds Cr 3 Cobalt¹ and its compounds Co 2 Copper and its compounds Cu 3 Cyanides2 CN 3 Fluorides2 in dust form F 3 Lead and its compounds Pb 3 Manganese and its compounds Mn 3 Mercury and its compounds Hg 1 Nickel¹ and its compounds Ni 2 Palladium and its compounds Pd 3 Platinum and its compounds Pt 3 Rhodium and its compounds Rh 3 Silica dust in fine crystalline form SiO2 3 Selenium and its compounds Se 2 Tellurium and its compounds Te 2 Thallium and its compounds Tl 1 Tin and its compounds Sn 3 Vanadium and its compounds V 3

If not listed as a carcinogenic compound under Number 8.

If readily soluble.

Inorganic substances in gaseous or vaporous form

Limit values The emission concentration of any of the substances listed in Number 62 must not exceed the following values:

1. For a Class¹ substance

2. For a Class 2 substance

3. For a Class 3 substance

4. For a Class 4 substance

Table of inorganic substances in gaseous or vaporous form Substance Class Ammonia and ammonium compounds, expressed as ammonia 3 Arsine 1 Bromine and its gaseous or vaporous compounds, expressed as hydrogen bromide 2 Chlorine 2 Chlorine compounds, vaporous or gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds except cyanogen chloride and phosgene, expressed as hydrogen chloride 3 Cyanogen chloride 1 Fluorine and its vaporous or gaseous compounds, expressed as hydrogen fluoride 2 Hydrogen cyanide 2 Hydrogen phosphide 1 Hydrogen sulphide 2 Nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed as nitrogen dioxide 4 Phosgene 1 Sulphur oxides (sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide), expressed as sulphur dioxide 4

Organic substances in gaseous, vaporous or particulate form

Limit values

The emission concentration of the substances listed in Number 72 must not exceed the following values:

1. Class¹ substances

2. Class 2 substances

3. Class 3 substances 2 Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the provisions on dust limitation specified in Number 41 apply to Class 2 and Class 3 organic substances in particulate form.

If the flue gas contains several substances belonging to the same class, the limit value applies to the sum of these substances.

If the flue gas contains substances of different classes, the sum of the substances at a total mass flow of 3.0 kg/h or more must not exceed the limit value of 150 mg/m3, in addition to the requirements specified in paragraphs¹ and 2.

Emissions of substances for which there is good cause to believe that they are carcinogenic74 and which are not listed as Class¹ substances in the Table under Number 72 must be controlled in accordance with paragraph 1 letter a.

Emissions of substances which are classified as ozone depleting substances in Annex 1.4 of the Ordinance of 18 May 2005⁷⁵ on Chemical Risk Reduction, but which are not listed as Class¹ substances in the Table under Number 72, must be controlled in accordance with paragraph 1 letter a. This is without prejudice to the provisions of Number 8.

Table of organic substances in gaseous, vaporous or particulate form Substance Molecular formula Class Acetaldehyde C2H4O 1 Acetic acid C2H4O24 2 Acetic acid butyl ester (see Butyl acetate) Acetic acid ethyl ester (see Ethyl acetate) Acetic acid methyl ester (see Methyl acetate) Acetic acid vinyl ester (see Vinyl acetate) Acetic ester (see Ethyl acetate)

Substances for which there is good cause to believe that they are carcinogenic means in particular those substances contained in Section III of the «List of MAK and BAT Values» (Maximum Concentrations and Biological Tolerance Values at the Workplace) issued by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Available from: VCH Verlags-AG, Postfach, CH-4020 Basel.

Carcinogens

Definition Carcinogens means those substances which are designated as carcinogenic (C) in the list of limit values for exposure at the workplace76 published by the Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (SUVA).

Limitation of emissions

Irrespective of the risk of carcinogen exposure, emissions of carcinogens shall be limited as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable.

Emissions of the carcinogens listed in Number 83 shall be limited at least to such an extent that emission concentrations do not exceed the following values:

1. Class¹ substances

2. Class 2 substances

List of limit values for exposure at the workplace, available from: Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt SUVA, Postfach, 6002 Luzern.

Table of carcinogens Substance Molecular formula Class Acrylonitrile C3H3N 3 Antimony trioxide (in respirable form), expressed as Sb Sb 2 Arsenic trioxide and arsenic pentoxide, arsenious acid and its As salts, arsenic acid and its salts (in respirable form), expressed as As 2 Asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, actinolite, tremolite) in the form of fine dust 1 Beech wood dust, respirable 3 Benzene C6H6 3 Benzo[a]pyrene C20H^{12 1} Beryllium and its compounds in respirable form, expressed as Be Be 1 Bromomethane C2H7Br 3 1,3-Butadiene C4H6 3 Cadmium and its compounds cadmium chloride, cadmium Cd oxide, cadmium sulphate, cadmium sulphide, and other bioavailable compounds (in respirable form), expressed as Cd 1 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene C4H5Cl 3 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane C3H5ClO 3 α-Chlorotoluene C7H7Cl 3 α-Chlorotoluenes; mixtures of -chlorotoluene, α, α-dichlorotoluene, α, α, α-trichlorotoluene and benzyl chloride 3 Chromium(VI) compounds (in respirable form) as calcium Cr chromate, chromium(III) chromate, strontium chromate and zinc chromate, expressed as Cr 2 Cobalt (in the form of respirable dusts or aerosols of cobalt Co metal and poorly soluble cobalt salts), expressed as Co 2 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene C22H14 1 1,2-Dibromoethane

Non-metallic mineral products

Cement and lime kilns

Installations for firing ceramic products using clay

Installations for the production of glass

Asphalt mixing plants

Chemistry

Installations for the production of sulphuric acid

Installations using the Claus process

Installations for the production of chlorine

Installations for the production of¹,2-dichloroethane and vinyl chloride

…

Production and packaging of plant protection products

Installations for the production of carbon black

Installations for the production of carbon (hard-burnt coal) or electrographite by means of incineration

Installations for the production of nitric acid

Mineral oil industry

Refineries

Large storage tank installations

Installations for transshipment of petrol

Metals

Foundries

Cupolas

Aluminium smelters

Installations for refining non-ferrous metals

Galvanising installations

Installations for the production of lead-acid batteries

Heating furnaces and heat treatment furnaces

Electric steel plants

Agriculture and foodstuffs

Stock rearing

Smoking installations

Installations for rendering and for dung drying

Revised by No II of the O of 20 Nov. 1991 (AS 1992 124), of 15 Dec. 1997 (AS 1998 223), Annex 2 No 5 of the O of 23 June 1999 on Plant Protection Products (AS 1999 2045), No II of the O of 30 Apr. 2003 (AS 2003 1345), Annex 3 No II 5 of the O of 22 June 2005 on Movements of Waste (AS 2005 4199), No II of the O of

July 2007 (AS 2007 3875), of the O of 18 June 2010 (AS 2010 2965), of 14 Oct. 2015 (AS 2015 4171), Annex 6 No 7 of the Waste Ordinance of 4 Dec. 2015 (AS 2015 5699), No I of the O of 3 March 2017 (AS 2017 715) and No II of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687). The correction of 24 April 2018 concerns the French text only (AS 2018 1651).

Installations for drying green fodder

…

Installations for roasting coffee and cocoa

Coating and printing

Installations for coating and printing with organic substances

Waste

Installations for incineration of municipal and special waste

Installations for incineration of waste wood, paper and similar waste

Installations for incineration of sulphite waste liquor from pulp manufacture

Installations for incineration of biogenic waste and products of agriculture

Other installations

Installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases

Stationary internal combustion engines

Gas turbines

Installations for the production of particle board

Dry cleaning (clothes)

Crematoria

Surface treatment installations

Construction sites

Non-metallic mineral products

Cement and lime kilns 111 Fuels and waste

Number 81 does not apply to cement kilns.

Waste may only be used in cement kilns if it is suitable for this purpose in accordance with Article 24 of the Waste Ordinance of 4 December 2015⁷⁸. 111bis Reference value Emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 10 % (% vol). 112 Nitrogen oxides and economically acceptable, but at least to 500 mg/m3. 113 Sulphur oxides Emissions of sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide, must not exceed 114 Gaseous organic substances

The emission limits in Annex 1 Number 7 do not apply.

Emissions of gaseous organic substances are expressed as total carbon and must not exceed 80 mg/m3.

The flue gas content of the following must be continuously measured and recorded:

1. nitrogen oxides;

2. sulphur oxides;

3. gaseous organic substances;

4. dust.

Any person who uses wastes containing organic compounds as a raw material in the production of cement must in addition to paragraph 1:

1. continuously measure and record the benzene content in the flue gas;

2. check each year in particular whether the emission limit values for benzo(a)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene are being met.

Installations for firing ceramic products using clay 121 Reference value Emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 18 % (v/v). 122 Fluorine compounds

The emission limitation requirements specified for fluorine compounds in Annex 1 Numbers 5 and 6 do not apply.

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

Emissions of fluorine compounds, expressed as hydrogen fluoride, must not ex- 123 Nitrogen oxides and economically acceptable but, at a mass flow of 2000 g/h or more, at least to 124 Organic substances carbon and must not exceed 100 mg/m3. 125 Relation to Number 81

Installations for the production of glass 131 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations which produce more than

tonnes of glass per year. 132 Reference value Emission limit values are based on the following flue gas oxygen contents:

1. for flame-heated glass melting furnaces: 8 % (v/v)

2. for flame-heated pot furnaces: 13 % (v/v) 133 Nitrogen oxides 1 The emission limitation requirement specified for nitrogen oxides in Annex 1 2 Emissions of nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed and economically acceptable, but at least so that they do not exceed the following limit values:

1. container glass: 2.5 kg per tonne of glass produced

2. other glass: 6.5 kg per tonne of glass produced 134 … 135 Sulphur oxides Emissions of sulphur oxides from the raw material, expressed as sulphur dioxide, must not exceed 500 mg/m3.

Asphalt mixing plants 141 Reference value The emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 17 per cent (% vol). 142 Structural and operational requirements

The flue gases from the mixer shall be captured and fed into a flue gas purification

The gas displacement procedure must be used to fill the bitumen storage tank.

The emission limits specified in Annex 1 Number 7 do not apply.

Emissions of gaseous organic substances are expressed as total carbon and must not exceed 80 mg/m3. 145 Nitrogen oxides .. as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed 100 mg/m3 146 Carbon monoxide Emissions of carbon monoxide must not exceed 500 mg/m3. 147 Monitoring

The periodical measurement and inspection in accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 must be repeated annually.

The temperatures in the mineral and asphalt granulate drums must be continuously measured and recorded.

Chemistry

Installations for the production of sulphuric acid 211 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations for the production of sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid and oleum.

The emission limitation requirement specified for sulphur dioxide in Annex 1

Emissions of sulphur dioxide must not exceed 2.6 kg per tonne of 100 % sulphuric acid.

Installations using the Claus process 221 Sulphur The sulphur emission ratio must not exceed the following limit values:

The flue gases shall be subjected to afterburning.

Emissions of hydrogen sulphide must not exceed 10 mg/m3.

Installations for the production of chlorine 231 Chlorine

Emissions of chlorine must not exceed 3 mg/m3.

In the case of installations for the production of chlorine with complete liquefaction, emissions of chlorine must not exceed 6 mg/m3. 232 Mercury With alkali metal chloride electrolysis by the amalgam process, mercury emissions must not exceed an annual average of¹.5 g per tonne of installed chlorine capacity.

Installations for the production of¹,2-dichloroethane and vinyl chloride

The flue gas shall be subjected to flue gas purification.

The emission limitation requirement specified for¹,2-dichloroethane and vinyl chloride in Annex 1 apply irrespective of the mass flows specified therein.

…

Production and packaging of plant protection products

Any person who produces or packages plant protection products must inform the cantonal environmental protection agency.

The authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements for total dust in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 Number 41 does not apply.

Installations for the production of carbon black Particulate emissions must not exceed a total of 20 mg/m3.

Installations for the production of carbon or electrographite by means of heating 281 Organic substances

Emissions of organic substances, expressed as total carbon, must not exceed the emission limitation requirements specified in Numbers 282–284.

The emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 Number 7 do not apply.

Emissions of organic substances in the flue gas of single chamber furnaces, multichamber furnaces and tunnel furnaces must not exceed 50 mg/m3.

Emissions of gaseous organic substances in the flue gas of ring furnaces for graphite electrodes, carbon electrodes and carbon bricks must not exceed 200 mg/m3. 284 Impregnation Emissions of organic substances in the flue gas of impregnation installations which use tar-based impregnation agents must not exceed 50 mg/m3. 285 Relation to Number 81 The provisions of Number 81 also apply to installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

Installations for the production of nitric acid 291 Nitrogen oxides and economically acceptable, but at least to 190 mg/m3.

Mineral oil industry

Refineries 311 Definition and scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations for the distillation or refining of mineral oil and mineral oil products and to other installations for the production of hydrocarbons. 312 Refinery furnaces 312.1 Reference values

The emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 3% v/v.

The emission limitation requirements for refinery furnaces are determined by the total rated thermal input of the refinery. 312.2 Sulphur oxides Emissions of sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide, must not exceed the following emission concentrations:

1. with a rated thermal input of up to 300 MW: 350 mg/m3

2. with a rated thermal input of more than 300 MW: 100 mg/m3 312.3 Nitrogen oxides as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed 300 mg/m3.

Floating-roof tanks, fixed-roof tanks with internal floating cover, fixed-roof tanks connected to the refinery gas line or equivalent measures shall be provided for the storage of crude oils and refining products which have a vapour pressure of more than 13 mbar at a temperature of 20 °C. Floating-roof tanks shall be equipped with effective seals.

Fixed-roof tanks shall be equipped with forced ventilation, and the gases arising shall be fed to a gas collection or afterburning system if:

1. liquids are stored which, under storage conditions, may emit Class¹ substances as specified in Annex 1 Number 7 or substances specified in Annex 1 Number 8; and

2. the expected emissions exceed the mass flows specified in Annex 1.

Any organic gases or vapours released shall be collected using a gas collection system. They shall be reused, fed to a gas purification or afterburning system, or burnt off. This provision applies in particular to:

1. pressure relief and blowdown systems;

2. process plants;

3. regeneration of catalysts;

4. inspection and cleaning activities;

5. start-up and shut-down processes; and

6. transfer of raw materials, intermediate products and finished products which have a vapour pressure of more than 13 mbar at a temperature of 20 °C.

Emergency and fire relief systems are not required to be connected to a gas collection system.

Gases from desulphurisation installations and other sources shall be further processed if they simultaneously meet the following conditions:

1. volume content of hydrogen sulphide more than 0.4 %

2. mass flow of hydrogen sulphide more than 2 t/day 2 Emissions of hydrogen sulphide in gases which are not further processed must not exceed 10 mg/m3.

Process water or excess ballast water must be degassed before it is discharged into an open system.

The flue gases produced shall be purified by scrubbing or combustion.

Large storage tank installations 321 Definition and scope The provisions of this Number apply to large storage tank installations with a capacity of more than 500 m3 per tank which are intended for the storage of products with a vapour pressure of more than¹ mbar at a temperature of 20 °C. 322 Storage Fixed-roof tanks with internal floating cover, floating-roof tanks equipped with effective seals or other equivalent measures to reduce emissions shall be provided for storage.

Installations for transshipment of petrol

The filling of road tankers, tank wagons or similar transport containers with automotive or aviation petrol must be carried out using bottom loading or other equivalent measures to reduce emissions.

The emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 Numbers 7 and 8 do not apply to petrol stations.

Petrol stations shall be equipped and operated in such a way that:

1. the organic gases and vapours displaced during delivery at the petrol station are collected and returned to the transport container (vapour recovery); the vapour recovery system and connected equipment shall not have any openings to the air during vapour recovery under normal operating conditions;

2. when vehicles with standardised fuel tank filler pipes80 are filled, no more than 10 % of the organic substances contained in the displaced air shall be emitted; this requirement shall be deemed to be met if results to this effect are available from an official measurement agency and if the vapour recovery system is properly installed and operated.

The provisions of paragraph 3 letter b do not apply when low-volume dispensing devices are used for filling.

Metals

Foundries 411 Amines Emissions of amines arising during core making must not exceed 5 mg/m3.

Cupolas 421 Dust Total dust emissions must not exceed 20 mg/m3. 422 Carbon monoxide Emissions of carbon monoxide in flue gas must not exceed 1000 mg/m3 for hot-blast furnaces with a recuperative heat exchanger.

Aluminium smelters 431 Fluorine compounds

The emission limitation requirements specified for fluorine compounds in Annex 1 Numbers 5 and 6 do not apply.

Emissions of fluorine compounds, expressed as hydrogen fluoride, must not exceed a total of 700 g per tonne of aluminium produced.

Emissions of gaseous fluorine compounds, expressed as hydrogen fluoride, must not exceed 250 g per tonne of aluminium produced.

ISO 13331 This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, 432 Assessment of emissions For comparison with the emission limit values, the measured emissions shall be averaged over an operating period of one month.

Installations for refining non-ferrous metals 441 Organic substances

Emissions of organic substances, expressed as total carbon, must not exceed 442 Relation to Number 81 The provisions of Number 81 also apply to installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

Galvanising installations 451 Dust Total dust emissions must not exceed 10 mg/m3.

The emission limit values are based on an exhaust air volume of 3000 m3 per square metre of zinc bath surface area per hour.

At least 80 % of emissions from the zinc bath shall be captured by enclosures, hoods, lip extraction systems or similar measures.

Emissions are only to be measured during dipping. Each dipping period begins with the first and ends with the last contact of the material to be galvanised with the galvanising bath.

Installations for the production of lead-acid batteries 461 Lead

The flue gases from the installations shall be captured and fed into a dust removal

Emissions of lead must not exceed¹ mg/m3.

Sulphuric acid vapours generated during plate formation shall be captured and fed into a flue gas purification system.

Emissions of sulphuric acid, expressed as H2SO4, must not exceed¹ mg/m3.

Heating furnaces and heat treatment furnaces 471 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to heating furnaces and heat treatment furnaces with a rated thermal input of more than 100 kW which are fired with gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 4 letters a–c. 472 Reference value The emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 5 % (v/v).

Electric steel plants 481 Scope The provisions of this number apply to installations for electric steel production, including continuous casting with a melting capacity of more than 2.5 tonnes of steel per hour. 482 Dust Dust emissions must not exceed a total of 5 mg/m3.

Agriculture and foodstuffs

Stock rearing 511 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations for traditional stock rearing and intensive stock rearing. 512 Minimum distance When installations are constructed, the minimum distances from residential areas required in accordance with the recognised rules of stock rearing shall be observed. These include, in particular, the recommendations of the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engineering.82 513 Ventilation systems Ventilation systems must comply with the recognised rules of ventilation engineering. These include, in particular, the recommendations given in the Swiss Standard on Climatisation of Animal Houses.83 514 Ammonia The authority shall specify the preventive emission limits in terms of Article 4; Annex 1 Number 62 does not apply. The FOEN shall issue recommendations.

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

Available from: Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon (ART), 8356 Ettenhausen.

Available from: Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Universitätstr.2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Smoking installations 521 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations for smoking meat, sausages and fish.

Emissions of organic substances shall be expressed as total carbon. They must not exceed the following limit values:

1. For hot smoking

2. For cold smoking

3. For cold smoking

Installations for rendering and for dung drying 531 Definition and scope The provisions of this Number apply to:

1. rendering installations.

2. installations where animal carcasses, parts of animal carcasses, and products of animal origin are collected and stored for use or disposal in rendering installations;

3. installations for melting animal fats;

4. installations for producing gelatine, haemoglobin and animal feed products;

5. installations for dung drying.

Processing installations and storage facilities where odours may develop shall be housed in closed rooms.

Strong-smelling flue gases shall be captured and fed into a flue gas purification

Raw and intermediate products shall be stored in sealed containers.

Installations for drying green fodder 541 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which grass, maize plants and similar green fodder, marc, potatoes and sugar beet chips are dried.

…

Installations for roasting coffee and cocoa 561 Organic substances carbon. In the case of installations with a roasting capacity of more than 100 kg of raw product per hour, they must not exceed the following limit values:

1. For installations with a roasting capacity of up to 750 kg/h: 150 mg/m3

2. For installations with a roasting capacity of more than 750 kg/h: 50 mg/m3 562 Relation to Number 81 The provisions of Number 81 also apply to installations in which materials are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

Coating and printing

Installations for coating and printing with organic substances 611 Scope

The provisions of this Number apply to:

1. installations for coating and printing surfaces with organic substances such as paints, varnishes or plastics;

2. installations for impregnation.

They apply to the application and flash-off zones and also to the attached drying and stoving installations.

These emissions shall be expressed as total carbon and at a mass flow of 3 kg/h or more they must not exceed a total of 150 mg/m3.

If paints are used which, in addition to water, exclusively contain up to 15% (m/m) ethanol as a solvent, emissions of ethanol must not exceed 300 mg/m3 at a mass flow 614 Flue gases from drying and stoving installations

The emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 Number 7 do not apply to drying and stoving installations in which drying or stoving is carried out at temperatures of more than 120 °C. carbon and at a mass flow of more than 250 g/h they must not exceed the following limit values:

1. For web offset printing installations: 20 mg/m3

2. For all other installations: 50 mg/m3 615 Relation to Number 81 The provisions of Number 81 also apply to installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

Waste

Installations for incineration of municipal and special waste 711 Scope and definitions

The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which municipal or special waste is incinerated or thermally decomposed. They are not applicable to installations for incinerating waste wood, paper and similar waste (Number 72) or sulphite waste liquor from pulp manufacture (Number 73), or to cement kilns (Number 11).

Municipal waste means waste from households and other waste of similar composition. It includes in particular:

1. garden waste;

2. market waste;

3. road sweepings;

4. office waste, packaging and food waste from the catering industry;

5. pre-treated municipal waste;

6. animal carcasses and meat waste;

7. sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants;

8. waste gases as defined in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 2;

9. waste as defined in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 2 letter b.

Special waste means waste classified as special waste in the list issued in accordance with Article 2 of the Ordinance of 22 June 2005⁸⁴ on Movements of Waste (OMW). 712 Relation to Annex 1

Where emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 apply, they apply irrespective of the mass flows specified therein.

The emission limit values are based on the following flue gas oxygen contents:

1. Plants for incinerating liquid waste: 3% (v/v)

2. Plants for incinerating waste gases alone or together with liquid waste: 3% (v/v)

3. Plants for incinerating solid waste alone or together with liquid waste or waste gases: 11% (v/v) 2 For the assessment of emissions, the values obtained shall be averaged over an operating period of several hours.

Emissions must not exceed the following limit values:

2. Lead and zinc and their compounds, expressed as the metals, in total: 1 mg/m3

3. Mercury and cadmium and their compounds, expressed as metals, in each case: 0.1 mg/m3

4. Sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide: 50 mg/m3

5. Nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed as nitrogen dioxide, at a mass

6. Gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds, expressed as hydrogen chloride: 20 mg/m3

7. Gaseous inorganic fluorine compounds, expressed as hydrogen fluoride: 2 mg/m3

8. Ammonia and ammonium compounds, expressed as ammonia: 5 mg/m3

9. Gaseous organic substances, expressed as total carbon: 20 mg/m3

11. Carbon monoxide: 50 mg/m3

12. Polychloriated dibenzo-p-dioxins (dioxins) and dibenzofurans (furans), expressed as the sum of the toxic equivalents in accordance with EN 1948-185 0.1 ng/m3 2 For installations with a nitrogen oxide content (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed as nitrogen dioxide, of 1000 mg/m3 or more in the raw gas, the authorities may specify a less strict emission limit value for ammonia and ammonium compounds, notwithstanding paragraph 1 letter h.

The following shall be continuously measured and recorded:

1. the temperature of the flue gases around the burnout zone and in the stack;

2. the oxygen content of the flue gases after they leave the burnout zone;

3. the carbon monoxide content of the flue gases.

Operation of the flue gas purification system shall be continuously monitored by measurement of an emission parameter or an appropriate operating parameter such as flue gas temperature, drop in pressure, or water flow rate of the flue gas scrubber. 717 Storage Strong-smelling waste and waste which emits dangerous vapours shall be stored in closed bunkers, rooms or tank installations. The waste air shall be extracted and purified. 718 Prohibition on waste incineration in small installations

Municipal and special waste must not be incinerated in installations with a rated thermal input of less than 350 kW.

This prohibition does not apply to special waste from hospitals which, due to its composition, cannot be disposed of as municipal waste. 719 Incineration of particularly hazardous waste

In cases where emissions may be especially hazardous to the environment, the installation owner shall determine the emissions to be expected by means of prelim-

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, inary tests with small amounts of waste and shall inform the authorities of the results before the waste is incinerated.

Emissions are regarded as particularly hazardous to the environment if they are both highly toxic and persistent, such as polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Installations for incineration of waste wood, paper and similar waste 721 Scope

The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which waste made up of the following types of substances is incinerated or thermally decomposed alone or together with wood fuels as specified in Annex 5:

1. waste wood as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 2 letter a;

2. paper and cardboard;

3. other waste which, when incinerated, gives off emissions similar to those produced by the waste listed under letters a and b.

If such waste is incinerated together with waste as specified in Number 711, the provisions of Number 71 apply.

The provisions of this Number do not apply to cement kilns (Number 11).

Emissions of gaseous organic substances, expressed as total carbon, must not exceed 50 mg/m3. 726 Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides

Emissions of carbon monoxide must not exceed 250 mg/m3.

In the case of installations with a rated thermal input of over 10 MW, emissions of carbon monoxide must not exceed 150 mg/m3.

In the case of installations with a rated thermal input of more than 10 MW, emissions of nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed 150 mg/m3.

Installations for incineration of sulphite waste liquor from pulp manufacture 731 Sulphur oxides

The emission limitation requirement specified for sulphur oxides in Annex 1

Emissions of sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide, must not exceed 4.0 kg per tonne of waste liquor incinerated.

Installations for incineration of biogenic waste and products of agriculture 741 Scope

The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which solid biogenic waste and products of agriculture are incinerated or thermally decomposed alone or together with wood fuels as specified in Annex 5. Farmyard manure and other strongsmelling waste and products must not be either incinerated or thermally decomposed in such installations.

If such waste and products are incinerated together with waste as specified in Number 711 or Number 721, the provisions of Number 71 or Number 72 apply.

If such waste and products are incinerated together with other fuels as specified in Annex 5, the composite limit value specified in Annex 3 Number 82 applies.

The provisions of this Number do not apply to cement kilns (Number 11).

Other installations

Installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases

Only fuels as specified in Annex 5 shall be used.

For emissions of sulphur oxides from the fuel, Annex 1 Number 6 does not apply. If coal or «medium» or «heavy» fuel oil is used, emissions of sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide, shall be limited to such an extent that they are no higher than the unabated emissions arising from the use of a fuel quality with a sulphur content of¹.0 % (m/m).

For emissions of sulphur oxides from the treated materials, Annex 1 Number 6 applies.

Stationary internal combustion engines 821 Reference value The emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 5% (v/v). 822 Thermal and motor fuels Stationary internal combustion engines may only be operated with gaseous thermal and motor fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 1, or with liquid thermal and motor fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 132, with the exception of «medium» or «heavy» fuel oil 823 Solids

Particulate emissions must not exceed 10 mg/m3.

For the internal combustion engines of emergency generators, Number 827 paragraph 2 applies. 824 Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide

Emissions from stationary internal combustion engines must not exceed the following limit values:

When operating a stationary internal combustion engine with a denitrification system, the emissions of ammonia and ammonia compounds, expressed as ammonia, must not exceed 30 mg/m3. 825 Test beds For test beds for internal combustion engines, the authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 and Annex 2 Numbers 821–824 do not apply.

Periodical measurement and control in accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 must be repeated every two years.

For internal combustion engines of emergency generators, Number 827 paragraph

applies.

For internal combustion engines of emergency generators that are operated for a maximum of 50 hours each year, the authority shall specify the preventive emission limits in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 Number 6, Annex 2 Number 824 and Annex 6 do not apply.

Particulate emissions must not exceed 50 mg/m3.

Periodical measurement and control in accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 must be repeated every six years.

Gas turbines 831 Reference value The emission limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of 15% (v/v).

Emissions of nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed the following limit values:

When operating a gas turbine with a denitrification system, the emissions of ammonia and ammonia compounds, expressed as ammonia, must not exceed 10 mg/m3.

For test beds for gas turbines, the authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 and Annex 2 Numbers 831–836 do not apply.

For gas turbines of emergency generators which are operated for no more than

hours per year, the authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 and Annex 2 Numbers 833, 834 and 836 do not apply.

Installations for the production of particle board 841 Scope The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which particle board is produced using a dry process.

Emissions of gaseous and vaporous organic substances, measured at a temperature of 150 °C, shall be expressed as total carbon.

These emissions shall be limited as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable, but at least to 350 g per tonne of wood used (absolutely dry). 844 Relation to Number 81 The provisions of Number 81 also apply to installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

Dry cleaning (clothes)

The provisions of this Number apply to dry cleaning installations which are operated using halogenated hydrocarbons.

The loading door of a dry cleaning machine shall be fitted with an interlock system so that it can only be opened when the concentration of gaseous and vaporous organic substances in the machine air falls below 2 g/m3.

The concentration specified for the interlock system in paragraph 2 shall be continuously monitored inside the machine around the loading door.

The dry-cleaned items must have a maximum temperature of 35 °C before being removed from the machine.

If exhaust air is extracted from the machine, it must be purified by means of an activated carbon filter or by equivalent measures.

Indoor air must be exhausted so that the operating areas are always kept under negative pressure.

Crematoria 861 Organic substances

Emissions of gaseous and vaporous organic substances, expressed as total carbon, must not exceed 20 mg/m3. 862 Carbon monoxide Emissions of carbon monoxide must not exceed 50 mg/m3.

Surface treatment installations

The provisions of this Number apply to installations in which the surfaces of articles and products made of metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, rubber or other materials are treated with halogenated organic substances which at a pressure of 1013 mbar have a boiling point below 150 °C.

Surface treatment installations shall be equipped and operated as follows:

1. Articles and products must be treated in a chamber which is closed except for openings used for extraction of flue gases.

2. An interlock system shall be used to ensure that articles and products cannot be removed until the concentration of halogenated organic substances reaches¹ g/m3 or less in the removal area.

3. Extracted flue gases must be cleaned in a separator. During this process, emissions of halogenated organic substances listed in Annex 1 Number 72 must not exceed a mass flow of 100 g/h and emissions of halogenated hydrocarbons listed in Annex 1 Number 83 must not exceed a mass flow of 25 g/h. The emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 Numbers 7 and 8 do not apply.

4. If halogenated organic substances are fed into or removed from the installation, emissions must be reduced by means of a vapour recovery system or equivalent measures.

If an installation is unable to meet the requirements specified in paragraph 2 letters a and b because of the bulky nature of the articles and products treated, emissions shall be reduced as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable, by measures such as encapsulation, sealing, removal from exhaust air, airlocks or extraction.

Construction sites

Emissions from construction sites shall be limited as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable, particularly by appropriate operating procedures. Account shall be taken of the type, size and location of the construction site and the duration of the construction work. The FOEN shall issue guidelines.

The emission limit values specified in Annex 1 do not apply to construction machines and construction sites.

Scope

The provisions of this Annex apply to combustion installations which are used for the following purposes:

1. space heating;

2. production of process heat, including baking heat for commercial use;

3. production of warm or hot water;

4. production of steam.

They do not apply to combustion installations in which products are treated by direct contact with furnace flue gases.

General provisions

Fuels In combustion installations as specified in Number¹, only fuels as specified in Annex 5 shall be burned.

Control of combustion installations Periodic measurements in accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 are not required for the following combustion installations:

1. combustion installations which are operated for less than 100 hours in a calendar year;

2. combustion installations with a rated thermal input of less than¹² kW which are used solely to heat individual rooms;

3. and d. …

5. coal-fired local space heaters;

6. solid-fuel-fired local space heaters, provided they operate solely on wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 letter a, b or d number¹.

Amended by No II of the O of 20 Nov. 1991 (AS 1992 124). Revised by No II of the O of 15 Dec. 1997 (AS 1998 223), of 23 June 2004 (AS 2004 3561), of 4 July 2007 (AS 2007 3875), of 22 Oct. 2008 (AS 2008 5163), the O of 18 June 2010 (AS 2010 2965), of 14 Oct. 2015 (AS 2015 4171), No. I of the O of 3 March 2017 (AS 2017 715) and No II of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687). See also the transitional provision to the Amendment of 11 April 2018 above.

Measurement and assessment of emissions

For each individual installation, emissions shall be measured under steady state conditions and in the load ranges which are relevant for assessment. In general, these are at least the highest and the lowest load point at which the installation is operated under standard operating conditions.

For installations operated with soot blowing or similar cleaning processes, dust emissions shall be measured and assessed over a half-hour period. Measurement must include the cleaning phase.

Special provisions for combustion installations comprising several individual installations

If several individual installations form a single operating unit, then limitation of emission for each individual installation is determined by the rated thermal input (Annex 1 Number 24) of the entire operating unit (total rated thermal input).

The total rated thermal input is the sum of the rated thermal inputs of all the individual installations which make up the operating unit.

Where two or more individual installations are operated in an operating unit in order to cover a variable heat or steam requirement in changing constellations, the rated thermal inputs of the individual installations shall normally form the basis for specifying the emission limits.

Oil-fired installations

Combustion installations for «extra light» heating oil 411 Emission limit values

Emissions from combustion installations operating on «extra light» heating oil must not exceed the following limit values:

This emission limitation requirement is only relevant for combustion installations fitted

Emissions of sulphur oxides are limited by the maximum sulphur content specified in Annex 5 Number 11. The emission limitation requirement specified for sulphur oxides in Annex 1 Number 6 does not apply.

In derogation from paragraph 1, in the case of installations with a rated thermal input of over 300 MW, emissions of nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed 100 mg/m3. 412 Additional provisions concerning nitrogen oxide emissions

The authorities may specify less stringent limit values for combustion installations with a heating medium temperature of more than 150 °C in cases where compliance with the limit value of 150 mg/m3 specified for nitrogen oxides in Number 411 is not technically or operationally feasible, or is economically unacceptable. However, emissions of nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed

and 3 … 413 … 414 Energy requirements

The flue gas losses from furnaces and boilers must not exceed the following limit values:

1. for forced draught burners with single-stage operation and for vaporising-type burners 7%

2. for forced draught burners with two-stage operation: 1. during first-stage operation 6% 2. during second-stage operation 8% 1bis The flue gas losses from boilers used to heat rooms or water commissioned from 1 January 2019 must not exceed 4 per cent.

The authorities may specify less stringent limit values for furnaces and boilers where the shut-off temperature of the safety temperature limiter exceeds 110 °C and where compliance with the requirements specified in paragraph 1 is not technically or operationally feasible, or is economically unacceptable. 415 Use of «Euro extra-light» heating oil «Euro extra-light» heating oil may not be used in installations or operating units that have a rated thermal input of less than 5 MW for this thermal fuel.

Combustion installations for «medium» and «heavy» fuel oil 421 Emission limit values

Emissions from combustion installations operating on «medium» or «heavy» fuel oil must not exceed the following limit values:

The emission limit value of 1700 mg/m3 for sulphur oxides shall be deemed to be met if heating oil with a sulphur content not exceeding 1 % by mass is used.

Installations fired by solid fuels

Coal-fired installations 511 Emission limit values

Emissions from combustion installations which operate on coal, coal briquettes or coke must not exceed the following limit values:

kW 70 kW 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW up to up to up to up to 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW Coal, coal briquettes, coke The limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of % (v/v) 7 7 7 7 7 6 – Total solids: mg/m3 100 50 20 20 10 10 – Carbon monoxide (CO) 3 up to over over over over over

kW 70 kW 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW up to up to up to up to 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW – Sulphur oxides (SOx), expressed as sulphur dioxide – fluidised bed installations mg/m3 – – – 350 350 200 – other coal-fired installations mg/m3 – – – 1300 350 150 – other installations mg/m3 – – – 1000 350 150 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx), expressed as nitrogen dioxide – Ammonia and ammonium compounds, expressed as – A dash in the table means that no limitations are specified either in Annex 3 or in Annex 1.

This emission limitation requirement is only relevant for combustion installations fitted

The authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements for inorganic substances mainly in the form of dust and also for chlorine and fluorine compounds in accordance with Article 4; Annex 1 Number 5 and the emission limitation requirements specified for chlorine and fluorine compounds in Annex 1 Number 6 do not apply.

In derogation from paragraph 1, a carbon monoxide emission limit value of 4000 mg/m3 applies to central heating and residential cookers. 512 Measurement and control The requirements specified in Number 524 apply by analogy to installations in terms of Number 22 letter e and boilers with a rated thermal input of up to 70 kW that are operated with coal combustibles in accordance with Number 513. 513 Use of coal In combustion installations with a rated thermal input of less than 1 MW, only coal, coal briquettes or coke with a sulphur content not exceeding 1% (m/m) may be used.

Wood-fired installations 521 Type of installation and fuel

In wood-fired installations, only wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 may be used which are suitable for combustion in these installations on account of the fuel type, quality and moisture.

In addition, only wood as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 letters a, b or d number¹ may be used in hand-stoked combustion installations with a rated thermal input of up to 40 kW and in open fires.

In automatic combustion installations with a rated thermal input of up to 40 kW, only wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 letters a, b or d number¹ may be used.

Emissions from combustion installations operating on wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 must not exceed the following limit values:

kW 70 kW 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW up to up to up to 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW Wood fuels The limit values are based on a flue gas oxygen content of % (v/v) 13 13 13 11 11 – For wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 No 31 para.¹ let. a, b or d Number 1 – for central heating and residential cookers and hand-stoked commercially used baking ovens: – Total solids mg/m3 100 50 – – – – Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/m3 4000 4000 – – – – for hand-stoked local space heaters¹ and boilers: – Total solids: mg/m3 100 50a 20 20 10 – Carbon monoxide (CO): mg/m3 2500 500 – – – – for automatically stoked hot water and steam boilers: – Total solids mg/m3 50 50 20 20 10 – Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/m3 1000 500 500 250 150 – for wood fuels as specified in Annex

Number 31 paragraph 1 letters c or d number 2 – Total solids mg/m3 50 50 20 20 10 – Carbon monoxide (CO) mg/m3 1000 500 500 250 150 – Nitrogen oxides (NOx), expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) mg/m3 c c c c 150 – Gaseous organic substances, expressed as total carbon (C) mg/m3 – – – – 50 up to over over over over

kW 70 kW 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW up to up to up to 500 kW 1 MW 10 MW – Ammonia and ammonium compounds, expressed as ammonia3 mg/m3 – – – 30 30 – A dash in the table means that no limitations are specified either in Annex 3 or in Annex 1.

In the case of one off basic stoves as specified inr SN EN 15544 (one off tiled/mortared stoves – dimensioning)87 the emission limits for solids and CO apply up to 70 kW irrespective of their rated thermal input.

Does not apply to central heating cookers.

See the limit value specified for nitrogen oxides in Annex 1 Number 6.

This emission limitation requirement is only relevant for combustion installations fitted

Emissions of sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide and based on a flue gas oxygen content of 6 %, must not exceed the following values:

1. in the case of installations with a rated thermal input of

2. in the case of installations with a rated thermal input of over 3 In derogation from paragraph 1, emissions of nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide and based on a flue gas oxygen content of 6 %, must not exceed the following values:

1. in the case of installations with a rated thermal input of

2. In the case of installations with a rated thermal input of over 4 The authorities shall specify preventive emission limitation requirements for chlorine compounds and for organic substances in gaseous, vaporous or particulate form in accordance with Article 4; the emission limitation requirements specified for chlorine compounds in Annex 1 Number 6 and those specified for organic substances in Annex 1 Number 7 do not apply.

The foregoing is without prejudice to the special requirements for installations specified in Number 523.

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, Standardization, Bürglistrasse²⁹, 8400 Winterthur, www.snv.ch

Automatic boilers with a rated heat output of up to 500 kW must be fitted with a heat accumulator with a volume of at least 25 litres per kW of rated heat output. The foregoing does not apply to wood pellet boilers with a rated thermal input of up to

kW.

In derogation from paragraphs¹ and 2, the authority may specify smaller accumulator volumes if this is appropriate for technical or operational reasons.

Where two or more individual installations as specified in paragraphs¹ or 2 are operated as a single operating unit in order to cover a variable heat or steam requirement in changing constellations, the authority may specify smaller accumulator volumes.

Series-produced local space heaters in accordance with Number 22 letter f are exempted from an acceptance measurement provided a declaration of performance or an equivalent declaration from the manufacturer pursuant to Article 20e is submitted.

Local space heaters in accordance with Number 22 letter f that are produced by craftsmen are exempted from an acceptance measurement if:

1. they have been constructed according to a recognised calculation procedure, in particular the tiled stove calculation program of the feusuisse association; or

2. they are equipped with a dust removal system that corresponds to the best available technology, in particular the requirements of the VDI 3670 technical standard88 (waste gas cleaning – downstream dust control devices for small-sized solid fuel combustion systems).

Historic stoves that are worthy of protection up to volume of 0.4 m3 and cookers produced by craftsmen are also exempted from the acceptance measurement if they were built according to the recognised rules of combustion technology or are equipped with a dust removal system in accordance with paragraph 2 letter b.

In the case of boilers with a rated thermal input of up to 70 kW that are operated with wood fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 31 paragraph 1 letters a, b or d letter¹, solid emissions need not be measured in the regular control of combustion installations.

The FOEN shall recommend suitable measurement and assessment methods.

In the case of local space heaters that under Number 22 letter f do not require regular measurements, the authority shall in particular check combustion residues and the condition of the installation. It shall on the first occasion provide information on how to use the installation properly and on how to use and store thermal fuels.

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, 525 Requirements for dust removal systems In the case of dust removal systems for installations with a rated thermal input of over 70 kW, uptime must normally amount to at least 90 per cent. Uptime is determined on the basis of the installation’s service life.

Gas-fired installations

Emission limit values Emissions from combustion installations operating on gaseous fuels must not exceed the following limit values:

In derogation from paragraph 1, emissions from installations of over 50 MW must not exceed the following values:

1. Dust 1. when operated using gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 1 letters b–e 10 mg/m3 2. when operated using gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 1 letter a 5 mg/m3

2. Sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide 1. when operated using gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 1 letters a and c–e 35 mg/m3 2. when operated using gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 paragraph 1 letter b 5 mg/m3

3. Nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide), expressed as nitrogen dioxide 100 mg/m3

Additional provisions concerning nitrogen oxide emissions

The authorities may specify less stringent limit values for combustion installations with a heating medium temperature of more than 150 °C in cases where compliance with the limit value of 110 mg/m3 specified for nitrogen oxides in Number 61 is not technically or operationally feasible, or is economically unacceptable. However, emissions of nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide, must not exceed

Notwithstanding the provisions of Number 61, the limit values for nitrogen oxides specified in Annex 3 Number 411 apply to gas-fired installations operating on gaseous fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 41 letters b, d and e.

The emission limit values specified for nitrogen oxides in Annex 1 Number 6 and in Annex 3 Number 61 do not apply to gas-fired instantaneous water heaters and gas-fired storage water heaters; preventive emission control measures shall not be ordered in accordance with Article 4.

Energy requirements

The flue gas losses from furnaces and boilers must not exceed the following limit values:

1. For forced draught burners with single-stage operation and for gas burners 7%

2. For forced draught burners with two-stage operation: 1. during first-stage operation 6% 2. during second-stage operation 8% 1bis Flue gas losses from boilers used to heat rooms or water that are commissioned from 1 January 2019 must not exceed 4 per cent.

The authorities may specify less stringent limit values for furnaces and boilers where the shut-off temperature of the safety temperature limiter exceeds 110 °C and where compliance with the requirements specified in paragraph 1 is not technically or operationally feasible, or is economically unacceptable.

Combustion installations for liquid fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 13

The requirements specified in Number 41 apply to combustion installations which operate on liquid fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 13.

Fuels as specified in Annex 5 Number 13 may only be used in installations with a rated thermal input of less than 350 kW if:

1. they meet the quality requirements of an official standard;

2. it is proven on the basis of an officially supervised measurement programme that the relevant requirements have been met for combustion in planned type of installation.

Multi- and mixed-fuel combustion installations

Multi-fuel combustion installations If a single installation operates alternately on different kinds of fuel, the emission limitation requirements are determined by the fuel used in each case.

Mixed-fuel combustion installations

If different kinds of fuel are burned at the same time in a single installation, the emission concentrations must not exceed the composite limit value.

The composite limit value is calculated according to the following formula:

To calculate the relevant sulphur emission ratio, the method described in paragraph 2 shall be adopted mutatis mutandis.

Note: The following shall be taken as the emission limit values for sulphur dioxides:

1. for «extra light» heating oil: G = 330 mg/m3, based on a flue gas oxygen content of 3% (v/v);

2. for gas: G = 38 mg/m3, based on a flue gas oxygen content of 3% (v/v).

Scope The provisions of this Annex apply to combustion installations as specified in Articles 20 paragraph 1 and 20d, construction machines and particle filter systems as specified in Article 19a and machines and equipment with internal combustion engines as specified in Article 20b.

Requirements for combustion installations

Air pollution control requirements 211 Oil- and gas-fired installations Oil- and gas-fired installations must comply with the air pollution control requirements of the relevant European standards, and the emission limit values given in the following Table.

Amended by No II of the O of 23 June 2004 (AS 2004 3561). Revised by No II of the O of 4 July 2007 (AS 2007 3875), of 19 Sept. 2008 (AS 2008 4639), of 22 Oct. 2008 (AS 2008 5163), the O of 18 June 2010 (AS 2010 2965), No I and II of the O of 14 Oct. 2015 (AS 2015 4171), No III¹ of the O of 22 June 2016 (AS 2016 2479) and No II of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687). See also the Transitional Provisions of the Amendments of 4 July 2007, and 19 Sept. 2008 above.

These standards may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, Type of installation Relevant Relevant emission class or emission European standard91 limit value for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for carbon monoxide (CO) Gas-fired instantaneous water heaters EN 26 (Article 20 paragraph 1 letter g) 212 Coal- and wood-fired installations Coal- and wood-fired installations must comply with the air pollution control requirements of the relevant European standards, and the emission limit values given in the following Table. Type of installation Relevant European Relevant emission class or standard92 emission limit valuesa for carbon monoxide (CO) and for solids (dust) CO Dust Boilers fired by firewood and coal, EN 303-5 or hand stoked EN 12809 mg/m3 800 50 Boilers fired by wood chips and coal, EN 303-5 or automatically stoked EN 12809 mg/m3 400 60 Boilers fired by wood pellets, auto- EN 303-5 or matically stoked EN 12809 mg/m3 300 40 Residential cookers fired by solid EN 12815 fuels mg/m3 3000 90 Central heating cookers fired by EN 12815 solid fuel mg/m3 3000 120 Inset appliances and open fires fired EN 13229 by solid fuels mg/m3 1500 75 Room heaters fired by solid fuels EN 13240 mg/m3 1500 75 Room heaters fired by wood pellets EN 14785 mg/m3 500 40 Slow heat release appliances fired by EN 15250 solid fuels

…

Markings

The manufacturer shall affix to each combustion installation a readily visible, durable and clearly legible data plate/label which includes the information required by the relevant European standards, but at least the following details:

These standards may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

1. name of the manufacturer or trademark of the installation;

2. trade name, type designation or model number;

3. number of the relevant European standard according to which the equipment was tested in accordance with Number 21;

4. rated thermal input, rated heat output/space heat output or corresponding output range in W or kW.

The data plate/label of oil- and gas-fired installations must also indicate the NOx class of the relevant European standard.

The data plate/label of wood- and coal-fired installations must also indicate the emission values for CO and dust in mg/m3, based on the relevant flue gas oxygen content, measured in accordance with Number 212.

Air pollution control requirements for construction machines and particle filter systems

Requirements for construction machines

Emissions from construction machines must comply with the relevant requirements corresponding to the year of manufacture for non-road mobile machinery in accordance with Directive 97/68/EC93.

In addition, exhaust emissions from construction machines must not exceed the particle count of 1×1012 1/kWh for solid particles with a diameter greater than

nm, determined in accordance with the best available technology, specifically the UNECE Particle Measurement Programme94 and the test cycles specified in Directive 97/68/EC.

The requirements specified in paragraphs¹ and 2 are deemed to have been met if the construction machine meets the requirements of Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 2016/162895.

The requirements specified in paragraph 2 are deemed to be complied with if the construction machine is operated with a particle filter system which meets the requirements specified in Number 32.

Requirements for particle filter systems

Particle filter systems for construction machines must:

OJ. L 59 of²⁷.02.1998, p.¹; last amended by Directive 2012/46/EU, OJ. L 353 of 06.12.2012, p. 80.

UNECE Regulation No 49 of 15 Apr. 1982 on uniform provisions concerning the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression ignition engines for use in vehicles and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles; last amended by the 04 series of amendments, addendum 8, in force since 22 Jan. 2015, Annex 4C, Particle Number Measurement Test Procedure. Available from: www.unece.org. This regulation May be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, Worblentalstr. 68, 3063 Ittigen.

1. filter 97 % of solid particles with a diameter of 20–300 nm when new and after 1000 hours of operation in a typical application (endurance test);

2. filter 90 % of solid particles during regeneration;

3. have an electronic on board control unit which records pressure losses that could compromise function and issues an alarm, and which switches off additive dosage in the event of filter damage;

4. have an opacity coefficient of less than 0.15 m-1 during free acceleration of the engine;

5. be designed in such a way that it is impossible for the filter element to be installed in the reverse direction;

6. be supplied with cleaning and maintenance instructions;

7. be operated without additives containing copper or catalytic coatings containing copper in the exhaust treatment system; and

8. limit the secondary emissions arising during operation as far as is technically and operationally feasible and economically acceptable.

The measurement methods and test procedures shall be based on the best available technology, specifically in accordance with SN 27720696 or UNECE Regulation No 13297.

Markings

The manufacturers or importers shall affix to each construction machine and particle filter system a readily visible, durable and clearly legible data plate/label including the following details:

1. name of the manufacturer or importer;

2. serial number;

3. type designation;

4. name of the conformity assessment body, if assessment is a requirement.

The data plate/label of construction machines shall also include the following details:

1. year of manufacture of the construction machine;

2. engine output in kW;

3. type designation of the particle reduction system.

This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

UNECE Regulation No 132 of 17 June 2014 on uniform provisions concerning the approval of Retrofit Emission Control devices (REC) for heavy duty vehicles, agricultural and forestry tractors and non-road mobile machinery equipped with compression ignition engines; revised by the 01 series of amendments, in force since 22 Jan. 2015 (Add.131 Rev.¹. Available from: www. unece.org. This regulation May be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, Worblentalstr. 68, 3063 Ittigen.

If a construction machine placed on the market is retrofitted with a particle filter system, the person installing this system shall affix to the construction machine a data plate/label including the details specified in paragraphs¹ and 2.

Construction machines with engines on the list of engine families in conformity with Article 19b paragraph 2 do not require a data plate/label on the particle filter

Exhaust emission maintenance and inspections

The holder or operator of a construction machine must carry out exhaust emission maintenance or have such maintenance carried out at least every 24 months. It must retain the results of the exhaust emission maintenance for at least two years and present it to the authorities on request.

Construction machines need not be inspected periodically in accordance with

Air pollution control requirements for machines and equipment with internal combustion engines

Requirements for machines and equipment with internal combustion engines

The internal combustion engines of machines and equipment must meet the relevant requirements of Regulation (EU) No 2016/162898.

The emission limitation requirements specified in Annex 1 do not apply.

Exhaust emission maintenance and inspections

The holder or operator of a construction machine must carry out exhaust emission maintenance or have such maintenance carried out at least every 24 months. It must retain the results of the exhaust emission maintenance for at least two years and present it to the authorities on request. The FOEN shall issue recommendations.

Machines and equipment with internal combustion engines need not be inspected periodically in accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3. The authority shall carry out random checks of the results of exhaust emission maintenance. If there is any suspicion of excessive solid particle emissions, it may order further exhaust emission maintenance.

Heating oils and other liquid fuels

Sulphur content of heating oils

«Extra light» heating oil comprises «Euro extra-light» heating oil and «eco extralight» heating oil.

Untreated vegetable oils and vegetable oil methyl esters that meet the requirements of standard SN EN 14214 (Liquid petroleum products – fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications – requirements and test methods)100 are deemed to be equivalent to «eco extra-light» heating oil.

Sulphur content of heating oils The sulphur content of:

1. «Euro extra-light» heating oil must not exceed 0.1 per cent (% m/m);

2. «eco extra-light» heating oil must not exceed 0.005 per cent (% m/m);

3. «medium» and «heavy» fuel oil must not exceed 2.8 per cent (% m/m).

Additional requirements for heating oils

Additives containing halogen or heavy metal compounds (except iron compounds) must not be added to heating oils.

In addition, additives containing substances such as magnesium compounds which distort the results of smoke number measurement in the control of oil-fired installations must not be added to «extra light» heating oil.

Waste oils must not be added to heating oils.

Other liquid fuels 131 Definition Other liquid fuels means liquid organic compounds which can be combusted like «extra light» heating oil and meet the requirements specified in Number 132.

Revised by No II of the O of 20 Nov. 1991 (AS 1992 124), No I of the O of 25 Aug. 1999 (AS 1999 2498), No II of the O of 23 June 2004 (AS 2004 3561), of 4 July 2007 (AS 2007 3875), of 19 Sept. 2008 (AS 2008 4639), of 18 June 2010 (AS 2010 2965), of 14 Oct. 2015 (AS 2015 4171), No I of the O of 3 March 2017 (AS 2017 715) and No II of the O of 11 April 2018, in force since 1 June 2018 (AS 2018 1687). See also the Transitional Provisions of the Amendment of 19 Sept. 2008 above. 100 This standard may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

During combustion, other liquid fuels must not produce higher or other pollutant emissions than is the case with «extra light» heating oil.

The content of pollutants in the fuel must not exceed the following limit values:

In derogation from paragraph 2, for liquid biogenic fuels the following values apply for ash and phosphorus: Phosphorus 20 mg/kg 133 Relation to Annex 2 Number 71 Other liquid organic compounds which do not meet the requirements specified in Number 132 shall be regarded as special waste.

Coal, coal briquettes and coke The sulphur content of coal, coal briquettes and coke must not exceed 3.0 % (m/m).

Wood fuels

Definition

Wood fuels means:

1. untreated wood, in pieces, including attached bark, especially chopped firewood, wood briquettes, brushwood and cones, and unused sections of solid wood produced solely by mechanical processing;

2. untreated wood, not in pieces, especially wood pellets, chips, shavings, sawdust, sander dust and bark;

3. wood residues from the wood-processing industry an the woodworking trade, provided the wood is painted, coated, glued or treated in a similar way; the foregoing does not apply to wood that is pressure-impregnated or has halogenated organic compounds in the coating.

4. untreated waste wood in the form of: 1. fence posts, beanpoles and other items made of solid wood used in horticulture or agriculture, 2. disposable pallets made of solid wood.

Wood fuels do not include:

1. waste wood from demolition, conversion or renovation work, waste residues from construction sites, used wooden furniture and waste wood from packaging including pallets, with the exception of disposable pallets in accordance with paragraph 1 letter d number 2, or mixtures thereof with wood fuels as specified in paragraph 1;

2. any other wooden materials, such as:

Requirements for wood pellets and briquettes Wood pellets and briquettes that are untreated wood in accordance with Number 31 paragraph 1 letters a and b may only be commercially imported or placed on the

1. the wood pellets meet the requirements of Standard SN EN ISO 17225-2 (Solid Biofuels - Fuel Specifications and Classes - Part 2: classification of wood pellets)101 for Class A¹ or A2 or are of an equivalent quality;

2. the wood briquettes meet the requirements of Standard SN EN ISO 17225-3 (Solid Biofuels - Fuel Specifications and Classes - Part 3: classification of wood briquettes)102 for Class A¹ or A2 or are of an equivalent quality.

Gaseous fuels

Definition

Gaseous fuels means:

1. natural gas, petroleum gas or coal gas which is fed into a public gas distribution grid;

2. liquid gas consisting of propane and/or butane;

3. hydrogen;

All other gases shall be regarded as waste gases, which must meet the requirements specified in Annex 2 Number 71 during combustion. This also applies in particular to landfill gases which do not meet the requirements specified in paragraph 1 letter e.

Requirements The sulphur content of gases as specified in Number 41 letters a and b must not exceed 190 mg/kg.

Petrols

Petrol may only be imported or placed on the market if it complies with the following requirements: Property Unit Minimum Maximum Test methodb valuea valuea Petrol – Research octane number, – Motor octane number, – Vapour pressure (DVPE): EN 13016-1 – Six summer months kPa – 60.0d – Distillation characteristics: EN ISO 3405 – evaporated at 100 °C % (V/V) 46.0 – – evaporated at 150 °C % (V/V) 75.0 – – Determination of hydrocarbon types: – Olefins % (V/V) – 18.0 EN 15553, EN ISO 22854 – Aromatics % (V/V) – 35.0 EN 15553, EN ISO 22854 – Benzene EN 12177, EN 238, – Oxygen content EN 1601, EN 13132, – Oxygenates content: EN 1601, EN 13132, EN ISO 22854 – Methanol % (V/V) – 3.0 – Ethanol % (V/V) – 10.0 – Isopropyl alcohol % (V/V) – 12.0 – tert-Butyl alcohol % (V/V) – 15.0 – Isobutyl alcohol % (V/V) – 15.0 – Ethers (containing 5 or more carbon atoms) % (V/V) – 22.0 – Other oxygenatese % (V/V) – 15.0 – Sulphur content mg/kg – 10.0 EN ISO 20846, EN ISO 20884 Property Unit Minimum Maximum Test methodb – Lead content mg/l – 5.0 EN 237 a The test results are to be assessed in accordance with EN ISO 4259 «Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test». b The following (joint) standards are applicable for testing: – EN: standard issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) – ISO: standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These standards may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment,

and the MON at least 81. d Applies to petrols used between 1 May and 30 September. e Other monoalcohols and ethers having a boiling point not greater than 210 °C

If bioethanol is added to petrol, the following deviations from the maximum vapour pressure of 60.0 kPa specified in paragraph 1 are permissible during the six summer months, until 30 September 2020: Bioethanol content % (V/V)¹.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Maximum permissible kPa 3.7 6.0 7.2 7.8 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 deviationa a Intermediate values are obtained by linear interpolation between the value immediately above and the value immediately below the bioethanol content.

Aviation petrol shall only be imported or placed on the market if the lead content does not exceed 0.56 g/L and the benzene content does not exceed 1 % (V/V). Aviation petrol placed on the market shall be dyed blue.

Diesel oil Diesel oil shall only be imported or placed on the market if it complies with the following requirements: Property Unit Minimum Maximum Test methodb Diesel oil – Cetane number EN ISO 5165, EN 15195, – Density at 15°C kg/m3 – 845.0 EN ISO 3675, EN ISO 12185 – Distillation characteristics:

% (V/V) recovered at °C – 360 EN ISO 3405, EN ISO 3924 – Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons % (m/m) – 8.0 EN 12916 Property Unit Minimum Maximum Test methodb – Sulphur content EN ISO 20846, EN ISO a The test results are to be assessed in accordance with EN ISO 4259 «Petroleum products – Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test». b The following (joint) standards apply to testing: – EN: standard issued by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) – ISO: standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) These standards may be viewed free of charge at the Federal Office for the Environment, Standardization, Bürglistrasse²⁹, 8400 Winterthur, www.snv.ch c For winter qualities, the cetane number, notwithstanding the value given in this Table, must at least satisfy the requirements of SN EN 590.

Scope The provisions of this Annex apply to installations for which the quantity Q/S exceeds 5, where: Q = mass flow of the emitted air pollutant in grams per hour; S = value calculated in accordance with Number 9.

Calculation method

The required physical stack height is calculated step by step in accordance with Numbers 3 to 6.

If more than one air pollutant is emitted, the physical stack height is calculated on the basis of the pollutant for which the quantity Q/S has the highest value.

Parameter H0

Determination of H0 according to Diagram¹

The parameter H0 takes account of the short-term effects of the air pollutants emitted from a single installation. It is determined with the aid of Diagram¹.

The quantities Q and F depend on the emission conditions at the installation. The full load values and the fuel/emission conditions most conducive to air pollution are used to calculate H0.

The quantity S is used to limit the maximum short-term ambient air pollution levels caused by the installation to a specific value (S value). The S values specified in Number 9 are used to calculate H0.

Determination of H0 in individual cases

The parameter H0 is determined in individual cases according to the recognised rules for calculating the stack height and the dispersion of flue gases if:

1. the Q/S or F values lie outside Diagram¹; or

2. the flue gas temperature is less than 55 °C.

However, where flue gas temperatures are below 55 °C, the parameter H0 must not be lower than the value which is obtained according to Diagram¹ for a temperature of 55 °C.

Minimum height for flat, obstacle-free terrain

The stack height for flat, obstacle-free terrain is: The correction factor f takes account of long-term effects due to wind channelling.

Values between¹.0 and¹.5 are used for f as follows:

Intermediate values are also possible for f, depending on the site conditions.

Height increase for buildings and vegetation Elevated objects (buildings and vegetation) in the vicinity of the stack are taken into account by means of a height increase I¹: where: I = Height of the highest significant obstacle area in the region affected by the installation. Values between 0 (no obstacles) and 30 m (e.g. forest) are used for I. g = Correction factor, with values between 0 and¹ according to Diagram 2.

Physical stack height The physical stack height H is calculated according to the following formula:

More stringent requirements In justified cases, the authorities will require taller stacks, for example, in the case of:

1. structures with particular shapes; b sites with particularly poor meteorological dispersion conditions;

3. particular topographical conditions, such as narrow valleys, hillsides or depressions.

Symbols H (m) = Physical stack height H¹ (m) = Minimum stack height for flat, obstacle-free terrain I (m) = Height of the highest significant obstacle area I¹ (m) = Height increase for buildings and vegetation f (–) = Correction factor for long-term effects due to wind channelling g (–) = Correction factor for buildings and vegetation Q (g/h) = Mass flow of the emitted air pollutant; emissions of nitrogen oxides (nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide) are expressed as nitrogen dioxide Rn (m3/h) = Volume flow of the flue gas under standard conditions (0 °C, 1013 mbar) t (°C) = Flue gas temperature at the stack outlet S (µg/m3) = S value (cf. Numbers 3 and 9)

S values Pollutant S (µg/m3) Suspended particulates (PM10)¹ 50 Hydrogen chloride, expressed as HCl 100 Chlorine 150 Hydrogen fluoride and inorganic gaseous fluorine compounds, 1 expressed as HF Carbon monoxide 8000 Sulphur oxides, expressed as sulphur dioxide 100 Hydrogen sulphide 5 Nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide 100 Substances listed in Annex 1 Number 5: – Class 1 0.5 – Class 2 2 – Class 3 5 Substances listed in Annex 1 Number 7: – Class 1 50 Pollutant S (µg/m3) – Class 2 200 – Class 3 1000 Substances listed in Annex 1 Number 8: – Class 1 0.1 – Class 2 1 – Class 3 10

Fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm.