Ordinance
on Forest
(Forest Ordinance, ForO)

The following are not defined as deforestation:

1. the use of forest land for forestry buildings and installations and for small structures and installations not used for forestry purposes;

2. the allocation of forest to a protection zone in accordance with Article 17 of the Spatial Planning Act of 22 June 1979³ (SPA), if the protection objective is compatible with forest conservation.

In the case of works for which the Confederation is the competent authority, the deforestation application must be submitted to the lead federal authority, and in the case of works for which the canton is the competent authority, the deforestation application must be submitted to the competent authority under cantonal law.

The authority shall publish the application and provide access to the files for consultation.

The Federal Office for the Environment⁵ (the FOEN⁶) shall issue guidelines on the contents of a deforestation application.

If the Confederation is responsible for the deforestation permit, the cooperation between the FOEN and the cantons is subject to Article 49 paragraph 2 ForA. The cantons shall support the federal authorities in the clarification of the facts.

Included in the calculation of the deforestation area, based on which the obligation to hear the FOEN (Art. 6 para. 2 ForA) is determined, are all deforestation areas that:

1. are included in the deforestation application;

2. were deforested for the same works in the 15 years previous to the submission of the deforestation application, or for which deforestation is still allowed.

The deforestation decision covers the following:

1. the areas in which deforestation is authorised or refused and the affected plots with specification of the coordinates;

2. the nature and scope of the compensatory measures and the affected plots with specification of the coordinates;

3. the deadlines for the use of the deforestation permit and for the fulfilment of the obligations associated with the deforestation, in particular those involving compensatory measures;

4. the unresolved objections;

5. any further conditions and requirements.

The FOEN shall keep statistics on the deforestation projects authorised by the Confederation and the cantons. The cantons shall make the necessary information available to the FOEN.⁸

Compensation in kind is made by creating an area of forest of the same size in a location offering qualitatively similar conditions to the deforested area.

Compensation in kind includes the acquisition of the land, the planting and all of the measures necessary for the long-term safeguarding of the compensatory area.

Areas in which forest is expanding and voluntarily afforested areas which have not yet become forest may be recognised as compensation in kind.

The cantons shall designate areas with increasing forest area after consulting the FOEN. Their boundaries shall be based on federal and cantonal surveys, in principle following topographical features and taking account of existing settlements and uses.

Compensation in kind may be dispensed with in particular in the case of crop rotation areas.¹⁰

Areas of particular ecological value are, in particular:

1. biotopes in accordance with Article 18 paragraph 1^bis of the Federal Act of 1 July 1966¹¹ on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage;

2. areas designated as nature protection areas in accordance with Article 17 SPA¹².

Areas of particular landscape value are, in particular:

1. objects of national importance in accordance with the Ordinance of 10 August 1977¹³ on the Federal Inventory of Landscapes and Natural Monuments of National Importance;

2. mire landscapes of outstanding beauty and national importance in accordance with Article 24^sexies paragraph 5 of the Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation¹⁴;

3. areas designated as landscape protection zones in accordance with Article 17 SPA.

Compensation for deforestation may be dispensed with in the case of projects to guarantee flood protection and the rehabilitation of waters in particular in the case of areas that can no longer be stocked as forest.

At the request of the competent cantonal forest authority, a record must be made in the land register of the obligation to provide:¹⁷

1. compensation in kind or measures for the benefit of nature and landscape conservation;

2. retrospective compensation for deforestation in the event of a change of use in accordance with Article 7 paragraph 4 ForA.¹⁸

The cantons shall monitor all compensatory measures and notify the FOEN of the final approval of the works.

The ruling on declaration as forest records whether a stocked or unstocked area is a forest or not and specifies its coordinates.

It specifies on a map the location and size of the forest and the location of the affected plots.

Areas where the canton wants to prevent an increase in forest must be specified in the cantonal structure plan.

Forest roads may be accessed by motorised vehicular traffic for the following purposes:

1. for rescue and recovery purposes;

2. for police controls;

3. for military exercises;

4. for the implementation of measures for the protection against natural events;

5. ²¹for the maintenance of the network lines of the providers of telecommunications services.

The rest of the forest may only be accessed by motorised vehicular traffic if such access is unavoidable for the fulfilment of a purpose in accordance with paragraph 1.

Events involving vehicular motorised traffic are prohibited on forest roads and in the rest of the forest.

Forest structures and installations, such as forest maintenance depots, log stores, covered wood fuel stores and forest roads may be constructed or altered with official permission in accordance with Article 22 SPA²⁴.²⁵

A requirement for permission is that:

1. the structures and installations facilitate regional forest management;

2. a need is proven for the structures and installations, their location is suitable and their size is adapted to regional conditions; and

3. there is no overriding public interest in refusing permission.

Other requirements under federal or cantonal law also apply.

The granting of permission for the construction of forestry buildings or installations in the forest in accordance with Article 22 SPA²⁶ is subject to a hearing of the competent cantonal forestry authority.

Exceptional permission for the construction of small structures and installations in the forest that are not used for forestry purposes in accordance with Article 24 SPA may only be granted in agreement with the competent cantonal forestry authority.

The cantons shall issue regulations for the planning of forest management. These shall define, in particular:

1. the types of plans and their content;

2. the instances responsible for planning;

3. the planning goals;

4. how the planning data are acquired and used;

5. the planning and control procedures;

6. the regular reviewing of the plans.

The forestry planning documents must describe, at least, the location conditions as well as the forest functions and their importance.

In the case of inter-operational planning, the cantons shall ensure that the population:

1. is informed of the goals and progress of the planning;

2. may be involved in a suitable manner;

3. may inspect it.

They shall take account of the spatial impact of forestry planning in their structural planning.³²

All maintenance interventions that contribute to the conservation or restoration of the stability and the quality of a stand are classified as silvicultural measures.

Measures carried out as part of young forest maintenance are:

1. ³³young growth maintenance, thicket maintenance and stem thinning in order to create resistant and adaptable stands suitable to the location;

2. specific measures to maintain regrowth in selection forests, in other multi-layered forests, in coppices with standards and coppice forests as well as in multi-layered forest margins;

3. protective measures against damage caused by game;

4. the creation of paths in areas of difficult access.

Thinning and regeneration measures are:

1. slash removal and the creation of new stands and the necessary accompanying measures;

2. wood harvesting and transport.

Minimum maintenance measures for conserving the protective function of the forest are maintenance interventions that are restricted to ensuring the long-term stability of the stand; felled wood is used locally or left on site, as long as it does not pose a risk.

Clearcutting is the complete or almost complete removal of a stand, which gives rise to ecological conditions similar to those on open lands in the cutting area or causes serious detrimental effects to it or to the nearby stands.

Clearcutting does not arise, if the old stand is cleared following sufficient and secured regeneration.

The cantons shall guarantee the supply of appropriate suitable forest reproductive material.

The competent cantonal forest authority shall select the forests stands, from which forest reproductive material may be obtained. It shall notify the seed stands to the FOEN.

It shall control the commercial and industrial production of seeds and plant parts and issues certificates of origin.

Only forest reproductive material of certified origin may be used for forestry purposes.

The FOEN shall advise the cantons about:

1. the production, supply and use of forest reproductive material;

2. the safeguarding of genetic diversity.

It keeps a register of the seed stands and a register of the genetic reserves.

The import of forest reproductive material requires the authorisation of the FOEN.

The authorisation is granted if:

1. the forest reproductive material is appropriate for cultivation and its origin is confirmed by an official certificate; or

2. the importer declares in writing that the reproductive material will be used exclusively outside of the forest.

The authorisation to import genetically modified forest reproductive material is regulated by the Release Ordinance of 10 September 2008³⁴; the terms of reference of the present Ordinance are also applicable.³⁵

The Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications³⁶ (DETEC³⁷) shall enact regulations on the issuing of export documents for forest reproductive material.

Public and private seed extractories, tree nurseries, forest gardens and retailers must keep a record of the origin, processing, breeding and supply of forest reproductive material as well an inventory of such material.

They shall inform the purchasers of forest reproductive material of its classification and origin in their quotations, on their goods and in their invoices.

The FOEN shall control their business management. It may require the assistance of the cantons for this.

DETEC shall issue an ordinance on the implementation of the provisions of this section.

It may allow, for scientific purposes, the import and use of forest reproductive material, the suitability and origin of which are not proven.

The exceptional use of environmentally hazardous substances in the forest is governed by the Ordinance on Chemical Risk Reduction of 18 May 2005³⁹.

Forest damage is damage that poses a considerable threat to the function of the forest and that is caused by:

1. natural events such as storms, forest fires or drought;

2. harmful organisms such as certain viruses, bacteria, larvae, insects, fungi or plants.

Particularly harmful organisms shall be monitored and controlled in accordance with the provisions of the Plant Health Ordinance of 30 October 2018⁴².⁴³

The cantons shall take measures to prevent and remediate forest damage, in particular:

• technical and silvicultural measures to prevent and combat fire;

• measures to reduce the physical load applied to the soil;

• measures to monitor and combat harmful organisms with the aim of eradicating or curbing them or restricting the damage they cause.

The FOEN shall establish the principles for the prevention and remediation of forest damage. It shall coordinate the cross-cantonal measures and where necessary shall itself establish such measures.

The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) has the following tasks:

1. it organises, together with the cantonal forestry services, the collection of data of relevance to forest protection;

2. it provides information about the occurrence of harmful organisms and other factors that may damage the forest;

3. it advises the cantonal forestry services in matters of forest protection.

Where game damage arises despite the regulation of game populations, a plan shall be developed for its prevention.

The plan shall include forestry measures, hunting measures, measures to improve and protect habitats against disturbance, and a performance review.⁴⁶

The plan is a component of the forestry planning.

The FOEN shall ensure, together with the universities, the cantons and other organisations, institutions, and professional associations concerned, that the knowledge and skills acquired during education and training are maintained, and that forestry engineers are introduced to new theoretical and practical advances.

The cantons shall offer sufficient places for practical continuing education and training and coordinate this offer with each other. Practical continuing education and training shall in particular:

1. focus on forest planning, forest management and forest conservation in the context of all forest functions;

2. aim to improve management skills and administrative knowledge;

3. be attested by a certificate detailing the acquired skills and knowledge.

The cantons shall provide:

1. the higher vocational training of forest wardens and operate the professional colleges required for this purpose;

2. together with the responsible organisations, the working environment for the continuing professional education and training of forestry personnel.

In accordance with Articles 19 paragraph 1, 28 paragraph 2 and 29 paragraph 3 of the Vocational and Professional Education and Training Act of 13 December 2002⁵⁰ (VPETA), the enactment or approval of regulations in the field of forestry education and training shall be subject to a hearing of the FOEN.

The cantons shall work with agricultural and forestry organisations to organise courses to improve worker safety during wood harvesting for workers with no forestry training.

Federally recognised courses must provide basic skills in worker safety, in particular the correct and safe felling of trees, removal of branches, and the scoring and dragging of trees and tree trunks. Such courses must run for at least 10 days in total.

…⁵²

The FOEN shall operate a central coordination and documentation agency for measures concerning forestry education and training.

The FOEN is responsible for the collection of survey data on the forest.

In cooperation with the WSL, it surveys:

1. by means of the National Forest Inventory, the basic data relating to the locations, functions and condition of the forest;

2. the long-term development processes in natural forest reserves.

As part of its basic remit, the WSL shall conduct long-term research programmes to survey the pressure on the forest ecosystem.

The FOEN shall inform the authorities and the general public about these surveys.

The marketing and use of sustainably produced timber shall be promoted only in pre-competitive circumstances not relating to one particular company.

In particular, innovative research and development projects that promote sustainable forest management by improving data, opportunities for marketing and use, resource efficiency or public relations may be promoted.

Results and findings relating to the supported activities shall be made available to the FOEN on request.

In the planning, construction and operation of federal buildings and installations the use of timber and timber products shall be promoted.

The sustainability of timber and timber products shall be assessed in accordance with existing guidelines and recommendations such as those issued by the Coordination Group for Construction and Property Services.

Financial assistance and compensatory payments are only provided by the Confederation if:

1. the measures comply with the forestry planning;

2. the measures are necessary and appropriate;

3. the measures satisfy the applicable technical, economic and ecological requirements;

4. the other requirements of federal law are fulfilled;

5. coordination with the public interests of other sectors is ensured;

6. further maintenance is guaranteed.

In order to receive compensatory payments, costs are allowable only if they are actually incurred and are directly required for the proper fulfilment of the task for which a contribution is due.

The costs of the following are allowable for compensatory payments pursuant to Articles 39 paragraphs 1 and 2 and 40 paragraph 1 letter c:

1. compiling the basic data and planning measures;

2. implementing measures;

3. acquiring land, easements and formal and de facto expropriation;

4. marking.

The following in particular are not allowable with regard to compensatory payments pursuant to Article 39 paragraphs 1 and 2:

1. any fees incurred;

2. costs that can be passed on to the person responsible for the cost being incurred;

3. the cost of creating significant added value that is generated independently of the protection against natural events provided by the measures;

4. the cost of measures that improve the protection of national roads against natural events and are already covered by the contribution to costs from the Federal Roads Office;

5. administrative costs.

The following in particular are not allowable with regard to compensatory payments pursuant to Article 40 paragraph 1 letter c and paragraph 3:

1. any fees incurred;

2. costs that can be passed on to third parties who are significant beneficiaries or responsible to a significant extent for the cost being incurred.

Compensatory payments for compiling basic data and for the measures, with the exception of payments under paragraph 2, are allocated on a global basis. The level of the global compensatory payments shall be specified by the FOEN and the canton concerned in programme agreements and is based on:

1. the risk of natural events;

2. the extent, impact and quality of the measures.

Compensatory payments may be awarded on a case-by-case basis if the measures:

1. have a supracantonal dimension;

2. concern protected areas or objects listed in national inventories;

3. require particularly complex or expert assessment due to the possible alternatives or for other reasons; or

4. were an unforeseeable necessity.

The contribution to the allowable costs of compiling basic data amounts to 50 per cent.

The contribution to the allowable costs of measures amounts to between 35 and 45 per cent and is dependent on:

1. the work involved in compiling the basic data;

2. the extent, impact and quality of the measures.

The contribution pursuant to paragraph 4 may in exceptional cases be increased by up to 20 per cent if a canton incurs substantial costs for exceptional protective measures against natural events, in particular those taken following damage caused by bad weather. The contribution depends on:

1. the necessity of the measures as a consequence of the extraordinary situation;

2. the substantial financial burden on the canton concerned caused by taking protective measures against natural hazards;

3. the plan in its entirety.

No compensatory payments shall be made for:

• measures required to protect buildings and installations which at the time of construction were in already designated hazard zones or known hazard areas and are not necessarily attached to that location;

• b. measures to protect tourist buildings and installations, such as cableways, ski lifts, ski runs or hiking trails, that are situated outside of the inhabited area;

• c. compiling data and implementing measures in the structural and land-use plans and in other activities with a spatial impact;

• d. making technical arrangements for emergency operations and expenditure on management staff and emergency services that is covered by their basic mandate;

• e. taking technical measures;

• f. drawing up cantonal working aids, directives and guidelines.

The level of the global compensatory payments awarded for measures required to enable the protective forest to fulfil its protective function is based on:

1. hazard and damage potential;

2. the number of hectares of the protective forest to be maintained;

3. the scope and the planning of the infrastructure required for the maintenance of the protective forest;

4. the quality of the services provided.

The amount is negotiated between the FOEN and the canton concerned.

The contribution awarded by ruling to the costs of projects resulting from exceptional natural events shall not exceed 40 per cent of the costs and shall be in accordance with paragraph 1 letters a, c and d.⁶¹

The level of the global compensatory payments for measures to prevent and mitigate forest damage outside the protective forest is determined by:

1. the degree of threat to forest functions;

2. the number of hectares over which measures are taken;

3. the quality of the services.

The FOEN and the cantons concerned shall negotiate the amount.

Compensatory payments may be made in individual cases in which the measures were unforeseeable and particularly costly. The amount shall not exceed 40 per cent of the costs and is determined in accordance with paragraph 1 letters a and c.

Compensation may be paid in cases of hardship if individuals are particularly badly affected and cannot be expected to meet the cost of the damage themselves.

Applications for compensation are to be submitted, with reasons given, once the damage has been ascertained but no later than one year after the measures have been put in place by the competent cantonal authorities.

No compensation is paid for loss of yield or immaterial damage.

The Confederation shall reimburse the cantons between 35 and 50 per cent of the cost of compensation in accordance with the provision on global compensatory payments in Article 40a.

The level of global financial assistance for measures that contribute to the maintenance and improvement of the biological diversity of the forest is based on:

• the number of hectares of forest reserves that are to be designated and maintained;

• b.⁶⁴ ...

• c. the number of hectares of habitats to be maintained, in particular the forest margins, which provide habitat connectivity;

• d. the extent and quality of the measures for the promotion of animal and plant species, the conservation of which is a matter of priority for biological diversity;

• e. ⁶⁵the number of hectares outside forest reserves to be designated as areas with a high proportion of old wood and deadwood or with sufficient trees demonstrating characteristics that are of particular value to biological diversity (biotope tree);

• f. the number of hectares of the forms of forest cultivation to be maintained, such as wooded pastures, coppices with standards and coppice forests and chestnut or walnut groves;

• g. the quality of the services provided.

The amount is negotiated between the FOEN and the canton concerned.

The financial assistance may only be allocated, if the protection of the ecological as listed under paragraph 1 letters a and c–f is guaranteed contractually or in any other suitable way.

... ⁶⁶

The level of global financial assistance for measures to improve the cost-effectiveness of forest management is determined as follows:

1. ⁶⁹for cantonal planning bases: by the size of the forest area in the canton and the size of forest area included in the plan or an impact assessment;

2. ⁷⁰for the improvement of management conditions in forestry operations: by the scale and quality of the optimisation measures planned and implemented by the canton;

3. for the storage of wood in cases of exceptional wood supply: by the volume of wood that the market is temporarily unable to absorb;

4. by the quality of the services provided;

5. ⁷¹for promoting the training of forest workers: by the number of days attended on courses run by federally certified course providers;

6. ⁷²for the practical training of forestry specialists at university level: by the number of training days attended;

7. ⁷³for young forest maintenance: by the number of hectares of young forest requiring maintenance;

8. ⁷⁴for adapting forest stands specifically to changing climatic conditions: by the number of hectares over which measures are taken;

9. ⁷⁵for obtaining forest reproductive material: by the infrastructure and level of mechanisation in seed extractories and the number of tree species necessary for maintaining genetic diversity in the seed harvesting plantations;

10. ⁷⁶for adapting or reconstituting public infrastructure facilities: by the number of hectares of forest served by them.

The amount is negotiated between the FOEN and the canton concerned.

Global financial assistance for the improvement of the management conditions in forestry operations is only awarded if:

1. the cooperation between or merging of enterprises is undertaken as a long-term measure;

2. an economically significant volume of wood is harvested or marketed jointly; and

3. business accounts are kept.

Global financial assistance for young forest maintenance and for adapting forest stands specifically to changing climatic conditions shall only be awarded if the measures are in accordance with close-to-nature silviculture methods.⁷⁷

Global financial assistance for obtaining forest reproductive material shall only be afforded if a construction project or operating concept including cost proposals and proof of funding has been approved by the canton.⁷⁸

...⁷⁹

The Confederation shall award financial assistance in compensation for the occupation-specific costs arising from the on-site practical training of forestry personnel in the form of a flat-rate payment of 10 per cent of the training costs of the schools for forest wardens and of the courses.

The Confederation shall award financial assistance for the creation of teaching material for forestry personnel, on a case-by-case basis and amounting to a maximum of 50 per cent of the recognised costs.

...⁸⁰

The Confederation may award financial assistance to research and development projects that it has not commissioned itself, on a case-by-case basis and amounting to a maximum of 50 per cent of the project costs.

It may award financial assistance to organisations for the promotion and coordination of research and development, on a case-by-case basis and equal to at most the funding provided by third parties, provided it receives an adequate right of co-decision in these organisations.

The canton shall submit the application for global compensatory payments or financial assistance to the FOEN.

The application shall contain details of:

1. the programme objectives to be achieved;

2. the measures probably required to achieve the objectives and their implementation;

3. the effectiveness of the measures.

In the case of measures that affect more than one canton, the cantons shall ensure the coordination of the applications with the other cantons concerned.

The FOEN shall enter into a programme agreement with the competent cantonal authority.

The subject matter of the programme agreement is in particular:

1. the strategic programme objectives to be jointly achieved;

2. the services to be provided by the canton;

3. the contribution to be paid by the Confederation;

4. controlling.

The programme agreement shall have a maximum term of four years.

The FOEN shall issue guidelines on the procedure for programme agreements and on the information and documents required in connection with the subject matter of the programme agreement.

Global compensatory payments or financial assistance are paid in instalments.

The canton shall provide the FOEN with a report each year on the use of the global subsidies.

The FOEN shall control by random sample:

1. the implementation of individual measures in accordance with the programme objectives;

2. the use of the subsidies paid.

The FOEN shall withhold the instalment payments during the programme in full or in part if the canton:

1. fails to comply with its reporting obligation (Art. 49 para. 1);

2. culpably causes serious disruption to its own services.

If it becomes apparent after the programme that the services provided are substandard, the FOEN shall require the canton to rectify the defects; it shall allow the canton an appropriate period within which to do this.

If installations or equipment for which financial assistance or compensatory payments have been provided are used for a purpose other than that intended, the FOEN may require the canton to arrange for the non-intended use to be stopped or reversed within a reasonable period.

If the defects are not rectified or the non-intended use is not stopped or reversed, the recovery of the payments made is governed by Articles 28 and 29 of the Subsidies Act of 5 October 1990⁸¹.

Applications for compensatory payments or financial assistance in specific cases without the involvement of a canton must be submitted to the FOEN; all other applications must be submitted to the canton.

The canton shall examine the applications that it receives and pass them on to the FOEN with a justified proposal, the cantonal authorisations already available and the cantonal decision on the subsidy.

The FOEN shall issue guidelines on the information and documents required in connection with the application.

The FOEN shall issue a ruling determining the amount of the compensatory payment or the financial assistance or shall enter into an agreement with the recipient of the subsidy.

Payment of subsidies shall be dependent on the progress made with the measures.

If, despite receiving a warning, a recipient, whose application for compensatory payments or financial assistance has been approved, fails to carry out the measures or carries them in a substandard manner, the compensatory payments or financial assistance shall not be paid out or shall be reduced.

If compensatory payments or financial assistance have been paid out and if, despite receiving a warning, the recipient fails to carry out the measures or carries them out in a substandard manner, the recovery of the payments made is governed by Article 28 of the Subsidies Act of 5 October 1990⁸².

If installations or equipment for which compensatory payments or financial assistance have been paid out are not used for the intended purpose, the FOEN may require the canton to arrange for the non-intended use to be stopped or reversed within a reasonable period.

If the non-intended use is not stopped or reversed, the recovery of the payments made is governed by Articles 28 and 29 of the Subsidies Act of 5 October 1990.

Article 49 applies by analogy to reporting and controlling.

Repealed

DETEC is authorised to independently carry out operations arising from the implementation of the ForA.

If the federal authorities apply other federal acts or agreements or decisions under international law which relate to the subject matter of this Ordinance, they also implement this Ordinance. Cooperation between the FOEN and the cantons is governed by Article 49 paragraph 2 ForA; statutory duties of confidentiality are reserved.⁸⁹

The cantons shall issue the implementing provisions to the ForA and to this Ordinance within five years of the Act coming into force.

They shall inform the FOEN of any rulings and decisions on deforestation.⁹⁰

The FOEN shall determine the minimum geodata models and modelling for geobasis data in accordance with this Ordinance for which it is designated the competent federal authority in Annex 1 to the Ordinance on Geoinformation of 21 May 2008⁹².

The following are repealed:

1. the Ordinance of 1 October 1965⁹³ on the Federal Supervision of the Forest Police;

2. the Ordinance of 23 May 1973⁹⁴ on the Appointment of Senior Forestry Officers;

3. the Ordinance of 28 November 1988⁹⁵ on Extraordinary Measures for the Conservation of Forest;

4. Articles 2–5 the Ordinance of 16 October 1956⁹⁶ on the Forest Plant Protection;

5. the Federal Council Decree of 16 October 1956⁹⁷ on the Origin and Use of Forest Reproductive Material and Forest Plants;

6. the Ordinance of 22 June 1970⁹⁸ on Investment Credits for the Forestry Sector in the Mountain Region.

…⁹⁹

This Ordinance, with the exception of Articles 60–64 and 67 letter f, comes into force on 1 January 1993.

Articles 60–64 and 67 letter f come into force on 1 January 1994.

The cantons shall submit the risk maps and overall plans in accordance with Article 16 paragraph 2 letters e and f to the FOEN for the first time by 1 December 2031.