Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) covers procedures such as mediation, conciliation and arbitration used to resolve disputes outside ordinary litigation.
ADR is an umbrella term for dispute-resolution methods that avoid or complement court proceedings. In Switzerland it includes mediation, conciliation, expert determination, ombuds procedures and arbitration, each with different effects on confidentiality, cost, enforceability and party control. Some forms aim at negotiated settlement, while arbitration produces a binding award. ADR is common in commercial contracts, consumer matters, employment disputes and family conflicts. Choosing the right mechanism requires attention to urgency, power balance, evidence, enforceability and any mandatory procedural rules.