Declaratory action

A declaratory action provides judicial clarification where a party has a legally protected interest in resolving uncertainty. In Swiss civil litigation, it may establish the existence or non-existence of a right, obligation, or legal relationship, rather than compel payment or performance. The interest must usually be current and practical; courts avoid abstract opinions. Declaratory relief is useful for preventing further disputes, clarifying liability, or determining contractual status, but it may be unavailable if a performance action offers adequate protection.