Ratification

Ratification is important where a person acts for another without sufficient authority, or where a legal act requires approval to become fully effective. Under Swiss private law principles, approval by the person entitled to decide may cure the defect and bind that person, often with retroactive effect between the parties. Until ratification or refusal, the legal position may remain uncertain. The concept also appears outside agency, for example when acts by limited-capacity persons, corporate bodies or representatives require subsequent confirmation.