Real act

In Swiss administrative law, a real act (often called *Realakt*) covers factual conduct such as warnings, information, inspections, police measures, road maintenance or data processing. Unlike a formal administrative decision, it does not itself determine rights or obligations in binding form. Nevertheless, real acts may seriously affect individuals and must respect legality, public interest, proportionality and fundamental rights. Where legal protection is needed, Swiss procedure may allow a person to request a formal decision or seek judicial protection against the factual conduct.