Access to the file
A procedural right allowing parties to inspect relevant case materials so they can understand, challenge and influence the decision.
Access to the file is a core element of the right to be heard. In Swiss proceedings, parties generally may inspect documents, evidence, expert reports and submissions relevant to the decision before it is taken. The right enables informed participation and effective appeal. It may be limited to protect secrecy, personal data, investigative interests or third-party rights, but restrictions must be lawful and proportionate. Authorities often must provide substitutes, such as redacted documents or summaries, where full disclosure is not possible.