Conspiracy

In common-law systems, conspiracy may be a separate offence based on agreement, sometimes punishable even before an attempted crime. Swiss criminal law does not use conspiracy as a general doctrine in the same way. It instead relies on participation rules, attempted offences, specific offences involving criminal organisations or agreements, and limited punishment of preparatory acts where the law provides it. For Swiss readers, the term should therefore be treated as comparative: it describes a model of early intervention that must be translated carefully into domestic categories.