Equality in education

Equality in education protects learners against unjustified disadvantage based on characteristics such as sex, origin, disability, religion, language, social status, or migration background. Swiss law combines constitutional equality guarantees, cantonal school duties, disability law, and anti-discrimination principles. Institutions must ensure fair admissions, assessment, discipline, accommodation, and access to support measures. Equal treatment does not always mean identical treatment: reasonable adjustments may be required for disabilities or language needs, while special measures may promote substantive equality. Tensions often arise around selection, dress rules, inclusive education, and allocation of limited resources.