Management without mandate

Management without mandate, known in civil-law systems as *negotiorum gestio*, covers the voluntary handling of another person’s affairs without authorisation. Swiss law treats it as a separate source of obligations. The manager must act in the principal’s presumed interest and with appropriate care, inform the principal where possible, and account for benefits. If the intervention was justified, the manager may recover necessary or useful expenses. If it was inappropriate or contrary to the principal’s interests, liability may follow.