Primacy of federal law

In Switzerland’s federal system, valid federal law takes precedence over cantonal and communal law. Cantons retain broad powers, but they may not enact or apply rules that contradict binding federal legislation or frustrate its purpose. The principle secures uniformity where the Confederation has legislated and helps courts and authorities resolve conflicts between levels of government. It does not mean that all matters are federal; cantons remain competent wherever the Constitution and federal law leave room for their own regulation.