State responsibility in international law

State responsibility is a foundational concept of public international law. It addresses attribution of conduct to a state, breach of an international obligation, circumstances precluding wrongfulness, and consequences such as cessation, assurances of non-repetition and reparation. Reparation may include restitution, compensation or satisfaction. The topic is relevant to treaties, human rights, diplomatic protection, use of force, environmental harm and international adjudication. Switzerland, as a party to many treaties and host of international institutions, encounters these rules in diplomatic, judicial and policy contexts. The field is strongly shaped by customary international law and codification work.