Witness testimony

A witness reports facts personally perceived, rather than legal opinions or arguments. In Swiss proceedings, witnesses may be questioned by the court and, within procedural limits, by the parties. Their testimony is assessed for credibility, consistency, perception, memory and possible bias. Certain persons may refuse to testify because of close relationships, professional secrecy or other protected interests. Witness evidence is useful for events not fully documented, but courts often compare it carefully with documents, conduct and other objective indications.