Natural causation
Natural causation asks whether the harmful result would not have occurred, or not in the same way, without the alleged conduct.
Natural causation is the factual link between conduct and damage. Swiss law generally asks whether, according to the ordinary course of events and evidence, the damage would not have occurred, or not in the same manner, without the conduct. It is often assessed with the “but for” test, adapted for omissions and multiple causes. Natural causation is a question of fact and must be distinguished from adequate causation, which limits liability normatively.